138 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [xo. 16. 
Abies shastensis Lemmon. Shasta Fir. 
The dominant tree of the Canadian zone, covering the middle slopes 
and completely encircling the mountain in a solid belt about 2,000 feet 
in vertical breadth. Its upper border overlaps the lower edge of the 
Hudsonian; its lower border, the upper edge of the Transition. Along 
Panther and Squaw creeks, on the south slope, it ranges from about 
5,500 up to 7,500 feet, and ou steep southwesterly slopes considerably 
higher. (See pp. 36-38.) 
Abies concolor lowiana (Murray) Lemmon. White Fir. 
The common and only true fir of the basal slopes of Shasta, where 
it occurs in moist places from the altitude of Wagon Camp (5,700 feet) 
down to the very bottom of Sisson Valley at the base of Mount Eddy 
(alt. 3,400 feet). It thus fills the Transition zone, except in places that 
are too dry for it. (See p. 34.) 
Libocedrus decurrens Torrey. Incense Cedar. 
Common throughout the Transition zone forest of ponderosa pines, 
except in the dryest places. (See p. 35.) 
Chamecyparis lawsoniana (Murray) Parlat. Lawson Cypress. 
Attributed to “the Shasta Mountains” (Bot. Calif., IT, p. 115, 1880), 
but not found by us.! 
Juniperus nana Willd. Dwarf Alpine Juniper. 
Fairly common in places close to timberline, usually associated with 
Pinus albicaulis in the upper part of the ITudsonian zone. On Shasta 
it usually grows in small patches less than a foot high and, as a rule, 
only a few feet in diameter; in the Olympics, on Mount Rainier, and on 
numerous other mountains it forms much larger patches. Between 
Mud Creek Canyon and the high ridges above Squaw Creek, it pushes 
up to extreme timberline at 9,800 feet, along with Pinus albicaulis, 
On the north side of Shasta and Shastina it was found in crevices 
among the sharp lava rocks at altitudes varying from 8,300 to 9,000 
feet, and was common on the curious albicaulis plain stretching west- 
erly from ‘North Gate’ to Bolam Creek. 
Juniperus occidentalis Hooker. Western Juniper. 
Abundant in the south cud of Shasta Valley, where it forms a forest 
many niles in extent. Scattered trees begin + or 45 miles easterly trom 
Edgewood, and become more and more plentiful to the north until, wt 
a distance of about 5 miles south from Big Spring, they suddenly 
become abundant and cover the whole country east of the main mass 
of lava buttes, forming a continuous juniper forest which fills the south- 
ern part of Shasta Valley and reaches northward, I aim told, into Little 
‘Thwither cypress attributed to Shasta but not seen i us is Cupressis nucenabiana 
Murr., “originally reported by Jetfrey from Mount Shasta at 5,000 feet altitude’ 
(Bot. Calif., II, p. 111, 1880). In both instances, probably, the term ‘Shasta’ was used 
in a rather loose sense, as covering adjacent mountains not then named. 
