178 
Spermophilus douglasi, 89-90. 
Sphyrapicus ruber, 115. 
thyroideus, 116. 
Spilogale latifrons, 105. 
Spinus pinus, 124. 
Spiraa, alpine, 148. 
red, 149. 
Spirea arbuscula, 82. 
douglasi, 149. 
Spizella socialis arizonie, 125. 
Spraguea umbellata, 145. 
Spring beauty, dwarf alpine, 145. 
Spruce, Douglas, 137. 
Squaw carpet, 154. 
Squirrel, golden-mantled ground, 90. 
Klamath flying, 92. 
large tree, 92. 
Oregon gray, 92. 
Oregon ground, 89-90. 
Sierra pine, 91-92. 
Stachys ingrata, 161. 
Stelgidopteryx serripennis, 127. 
Stellaria crispa, 145. 
Stellula calliope, 117. 
Stephanomeria lactucina, 169. 
Strawberry, large, 148. 
sinall, 148. 
Streams, 23-24. 
Streptanthus orbiculatus, 147. 
Streptopus, 80. 
Sturnella magna neglecta, 122. 
Sundew, 147. 
Swallow, barn, 127. 
cliff, 127. 
rough-winged, 127, 
tree, 127. 
violet-green, 127. 
white-bellied, 127. 
Swift, Vaux, 117. 
white-throated, 117. 
Symphoricarpos pilosus, 164. 
racemosus, 164. 
Tachycineta bicolor, 127. 
thalassina, 127. 
Tanager, mountain, 127. 
TVaxidea taxus, 105. 
Teal, cinnamon, 109. 
Thalictrum, 80. 
Thimbleberry, western, 150. 
Thomomys alpinus, 81. 
mazama, 74, 81. 
monticola, 95-97. 
monticola pinetorum, 16, 97. 
Thrush, dwarf hermit, 133. 
Thryomanes bewicki spilurus, 131. 
Timberline, 27-30. 
Titlark, 130. 
Tofieldia occidentalis, 140. 
Totanus flavipes, 110. 
Towbee, California, 126. 
green-tailed, 126. 
spurred, 126. 
Trochilus alexandri, 117. 
Troglodytes aédon parkmani, 131. 
Tritelia ixioides, 140. 
Tsuga mertensiana, 42-46, 137. 
INDEX. 
Tsuga pattoni, 42. 
pattoniana, 42. 
Tyrannus verticalis, 117. 
VUrocyon californicus townsendi, 16, 103-104. 
Ursus americanus, 107, 
horribilis, 107. 
Vaccinium arbuscula, 159. 
cespitosum, 158-159. 
microphyllum, &2. 
occidentale, 159, 
Vagnera stellata, 140. 
Valeriana sitchensis, 82. 
Veratrum californicum, 140. 
Verbena bracteosa, 53. 
Veronica cusicki, 163. 
Vespertilio fuscus, 89. 
Vicia americana, 152. 
Viola blanda, 154. 
purpurea, 154. 
Violet, alpine yellow, 154. 
white, 154. 
Vireo, Cassin, 128. 
western warbling, 123. 
Vireo gilvus swainsoni, 128. 
solitarius cassini, 128. 
Vole, California, 94 
mountain, 95. 
Vulpes macrourus, 103. 
Vulture, turkey, 111. 
Warbler, Audubon, 128-129. 
Calaveras, 128. 
hermit, 129. 
lutescent, 128. 
Maegillivray, 129. 
pileolated, 130. 
western yellow-throat, 129. 
yellow, 128. 
Weasel, mountain, 106. 
Willow, black, 141. 
Nuttall, 141. 
Sitka, 141. 
Willow herb, 155. 
Wilsonia pusilla pileolata, 130. 
Wolverine, 105. 
Woodpecker, arctic three-toed, 115. 
Cabanis hairy, 114. 
California, 116. 
Gairdner, 114. 
Lewis, 116. 
pileated, 116. 
white-headed, 114-115. 
Wren, canyon, 130. 
Parkman, 131. 
rock, 130. 
tule, 131. 
Vigors, 131. 
Western winter, 131. 
Xanthium strumarium, 53. 
Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus, 121. 
Xenopicus albolarvatus, 114-115. 
Xerophyllum, 80. 
