PREFACE Vll 



The illustrations are taken from many sources, the best I 

 could find. I deem it as legitimate to use a good published 

 picture as a good published idea, of course -with due credit ; 

 and, moreover, its use seems such a deserved tribute to its 

 excellence as its author would desire. Many are taken from 

 the well-known works of Sachs, Goebel, Kerner, and Stras- 

 burger, and are so good that none better can be made ; and we 

 should not deprive the student of their use, or waste the lalior 

 of providing inferior new ones, only because through frequent 

 repetition thej" have become wearisome to us. Kerner"s work 

 is issued in translation in this country by Messrs. Henry Holt 

 & Company, and this firm has given me full permission to use 

 these pictures, as well as two from Sargent's Plants and their 

 Uses, and several from my own book The Living Plant. pul> 

 lished by them. Also I have used many, Ijy permission, from 

 publications of The ^Sfacmillan Company, and especially from 

 one of the greatest of botanical publications, the C'lidopedia 

 of American Horticulture, edited by Professor L. H. Bailey, 

 who has graciously granted me the privilege of drawing at 

 will from that work. The Bausch & Lomb Optical Company 

 have kindly loaned me several cuts from their catalogues illus- 

 trating apparatus of my own invention made by them. The 

 new illustrations, comprising about a third of those in the 

 book, have been mostly dra'^Mi by my colleagues in the depart- 

 ment of Botany at Smith College, — three by Professor Julia 

 W. Snow, two of the most elaborate by Professor Grace Smith, 

 several by Miss Helen Choate, and many Ijy Miss Marion 

 Pleasants. A few of the diagrammatic figures are my o^vn. 

 These skilled co-workers, with another. Miss Grace C'lapp, 

 have also given me the advantage of their expert knowledge 

 in a critical reading of the proofs. I am under special obliga- 

 tion, however, to Miss Choate and Miss Pleasants, who, not only 

 through their drawings, but also through their constructive 

 criticisms, have contributed greatly to the merit of the book, 

 though I claim its faults as wholly my own. To all of these 

 generous collaborators I express my grateful acknowledg- 

 ment. 



