CHAPTER II. 



The Head and Neck 



CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS. 



Leaving out of account the malformations of the eye, ear, etc., 

 which are treated of elsewhere, there is little of any surgical signi- 

 ficance. Occasionally anencephalic monsters are bom, and it is note- 

 worthy that the shape of the head of the Bulldog and Pug is an 

 inherited congenital malformation, brought to perfection, if I may 

 use the term, by artificial selection. 



What is known as Cervical Rib has been observed in the dog. 

 Gruber recorded an instance in which the transverse process of the 

 seventh cervical vertebra possessed a joint surface with which a 

 supernumerary rib articulated and between which and the first 

 sternal rib was a supernumerary muscle. On the opposite side the 

 corresponding transverse process was somewhat lengthened. This 

 condition is important only in that it may give rise to errors in diag- 

 nosis. 



Bournay has described a congenital arterial-venous Aneurism im 

 the neck resulting from abnormal termination of the two carotids 

 and jugulars. It presented a subcutaneous pulsating tumor, which 

 was augmented in volume when the head was lowered and dimin- 

 ished when the latter was raised. 



TBAUMATIC LESIONS. 



The commonest wounds about the head and neck are those re- 

 sulting from bites by other dogs. When they suppurate they are 

 very apt to terminate in abscess formation of considerable extent 

 owing to the burrowing tendency of the pus. Spiked collars em- 

 ployed to restrain bulldogs are also a source of mischief, and one in- 

 stance is recorded of an intractable sinus resulting from such a spike 

 becoming detached and driven into the tissues. Puppies sometimes 

 sustain parturition hematoma of the scalp during birth. 



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