The Head and Neck 41 



Symptoms and Diagnosis. Where but a few fibers persist, 

 vision is not impaired and their presence is usually unnoticed until 

 some disorder prompts a close inspection of the eye, but where the 

 membrane persists as such the animal experiences difficulty in see- 

 ing, particularly in brilliant light, and walks with hesitancy. 



Treatment. Strands and floating membrane are operable with 

 technic similar to that observed in cataract or iridectomy. 



Congenital Cataract. This is a rare affection appearing as a 

 partial or complete opacity of the lens, which may be calcareous, and 

 is in all probability due to hereditary influences. It tends to remain 

 stationary. 



Treatment. Treatment must be by discission or extraction of 

 the lens. 



Congenital Dislocation of the Lens. This condition has been 

 recorded by Fromarget in bilateral form, the dislocated body being 

 intimately adherent to the cornea. It is probably of hereditary na- 

 ture, since in Fromarget's case another animal in the same litter was 

 likewise affected and the sire was also blind. 



Treatment. The indications are to extract the lens, exerting 

 traction when it is adherent to any part of the chamber. 



TRAUMATIC LESIONS. 



The eye is liable to all forms and degrees of injury, chief 

 among which are contusions and wounds either of which may be 

 slight or severe. Contusions are usually produced by blows from 

 blunt instruments and the resultant lesion may be anything from 

 mere superficial loss of epithelium by the cornea to intraocular 

 hemorrhage, luxation of the lens, or even disruption of the optic 

 nerve. Slight injury to the cornea may, however, lead to severe 

 ulceration by septic infection. On account of the incompleteness of 

 the orbital arch a forcible contusion sustained immediately over the 

 eye commonly results in luxation of the latter, particularly in breeds 

 possessing prominent eyes, notably Pugs and Toy Spaniels, and this 

 lesion may also occur when a body presses between the eye and the 

 wall of the orbital cavity, as for instance, the tooth of another dog. 

 In other words, one dog may actually bite out the eye of another. 

 Wounds are mostly caused by sharp-pointed instruments, the tooth 

 of another dog, the claw of the cat, or as is not uncommon, by minute 



