10 Surgical Diseases and Surgery of the Dog 



fluids the extension grate made of enameled iron or improvised out 

 of wood will be found very useful. Another simple device is known 

 as Young's operating trough. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



Glnck — Langenbeck's Arcblv. f. klio. Cblrnrg. 29, p. US. 



Halsted — Johns Hopkins Hospital Reports. 1, p. 398. 



Sebloffer — Langenbeck's ArcblT. (. kiln. Cblrnrg. 1898, p. 334. 



Tbomas — Brit. Med. Joorn. Nov., 1898. 



Welch — ^Trans. of the Congr. of Amer. Phys. & Surg. 1891, 2, p. 1. 



ANESTHETICS. 



General anesthetics should be administered prior to the com- 

 mencement of all operations involving severe or protracted pain. 

 Not only is their employment prompted by humane consideration 

 but without it the accurate conduct of delicate operations is ren- 

 dered a matter of great difficulty and often an impossibility, owing 

 to struggling on the part of the animal. Their employment is con- 

 traindicated when cardiac or pulmonary diseases exist. 



Local anesthetics, hypnotics, or narcotics are employed to dull 

 the peripheral or central sensibilities in operations of a minor nature. 

 Narcotics are also useful for the control of refractory or vicious 

 animals when under examination. Both hypnotics and narcotics 

 are also used for the production of complete general anesthesia, 

 but in this case very large doses are necessary, from which the 

 animal is slow to recover and which are not free from danger. It 

 will be found convenient to resort to them when the services of an 

 assistant are unobtainable. 



GENERAL ANESTHETICS. 



Choloraform and Ether, either alone or combined and di- 

 luted with ethyl alcohol are the drugs most extensively used for 

 the production of general anesthesia. 



The vapor of chloroform, if administered under proper condi- 

 tions allows of no comparison with other anesthetic agents. There 

 can be no doubt that any danger attending its use has been much 

 overrated, owing to neglect of the observance of fundamental rules 

 governing its successful administration. Nevertheless, I would 

 warn those unaccustomed to giving it, not to employ it for valuable 

 animals. 



The principal advantage derived from chloroform administra- 



