The Head and Neck j^ 



mouthgag used ,„ human surgery. I, „ very liih, and strong "I^ 



C?^- ^°' 



No. 22. French Month Specnlam 



No. 23. Baker Month Speculum. 



be adjusted to fit any sized mouth and is self-expanding. Another 

 good instrument is the Baker speculum. One invented by Hobday 

 consists of spreading horizontal bars supported by perpendicular 

 bars which are secured immediately behind the canine teeth, but 

 it necessarily obstructs lateral passage of instruments and fingers of 

 the operator, and is too clumsy for small animals. 



CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS. 



The young of the shortnosed breeds are occasionally bom with 

 fissure of the upper lip — ^the so-called hare-lip. This deformity may 

 be unilateral or bilateral and may exist independently but is gener- 

 ally complicated with cleft palate. It exists by virtue of incomplete 

 fetal coalescence of the parts. It does not occur in the median line 

 but always to one side by reason of the central part of the upper 



