The Head and Neck loi 



will be in order to briefly review the relationship which the Gland 

 and the recently discovered Glandules bear to one another, for it 

 is now known that both Gland and Glandules have each a separate 

 and specific function to perform in the animal economy. 



In the immediate neighborhood of the gland, lying in the fas- 

 cia, are numerous separate nodular bodies, consisting of lymphoid 

 or of true thyroid tissue and designated "accessory thyroids." They 

 are usually enlarged and more easy to find in animals having 

 hypertrophied thyroids, while in perfectly normal animals they are 

 at times so small that they can hardly be seen. Besides these ac- 

 cessory thyroids there are constantly present on each side two 

 bodies — ^the Glandules, one external to the gland and the other within 

 the gland. The external show considerable variation of position, 

 but usually one of proximity to the thyroids, and union of the two 

 portions is quite exceptional. Gley examined their disposition 

 in thirty-three dogs, and found them situated about the superior 

 third of the external face of each lobe, nearer the anterior border 

 than the posterior, superficially inserted in the face of, but never- 

 theless perfectly distinct from, the thyroid lobes, in fourteen of the 

 emimals. In seven of the remaining nineteen animals one glandule 

 was enclosed in the external face, and the other isolated at the su- 

 perior extremity of the corresponding lobe. The internal are sit- 

 uated toward the internal or tracheal surface of the lobe, and as a 

 rule are completely covered by thyroid tissue and regularly enter 

 into extensive combination with it. Structurally, neither of these 

 bodies corresponds at any time of its development to the thyroid. 



Numerous experimenters, among whom may be mentioned 

 Halsted, Schiff, Gley, Moussu, and Vassale and Generali have 

 demonstrated that suppression of the function of the thyroid gland, 

 including its total extirpation, is not productive of lethal effect but 

 results only in myxedema and cretinism, while removal of all the 

 gfandules rapidly leads to a fatal issue. The leaving intact of one 

 glandule is sufficient to sustain life, but it is safer to leave all the 

 glandules possible. 



STRUMA. GOITEB. BBONCHOCELE. 



Enlargement of the thyroid is quite common in the dog. It 

 is sometimes congenital and may be of such dimensions as to hin- 

 der delivery. Halsted has seen puppies bom with glands twelve 



