The Abdomen 193 



gation should be continued until the returning fluid runs clear. 

 The medicaments mostly employed are protargol, nitrate of silver, 

 or tannic acid (i :iao), or bichloride of mercury (i :5ooo). When 

 the latter is used, a pure water injection should follow it im- 

 mediately in order to guard against absorption of the drug into 

 the system. 



Nutritive enemeta are employed to utilize the well-known ab- 

 sorptive power of the mucosa of the lower bowel. There are many 

 useful commercial predigested preparations which can be employed 

 in this manner with advantage. It would seem, however, that pre- 

 digestion is not altogether essential, for Voit and Bauer found that 

 egg-emulsion with the addition of a pinch of sodium chloride was 

 easily absorbed by the mucous membrane of the rectum and colon. 

 Eichhorst made similar observations. Other experimenters have 

 found that under certain conditions an antiperistalsis of the bowel 

 may take place (Nothnagel, Bernheim, Gruetzner, Swiezynski). 

 Nothnagel observed that salt solutions injected induced a retro- 

 grading current. 



Nutritive enemeta should be heated to body temperature. Three 

 or four a day suffice. 



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Baracz — Langenbeck's Archlv. t. kiln. Chlr. 1899, p. 181. 



Bernheim — Journ. Amer. Med. Assn. Feb., 1901. 



Blot— Kec. de M«d. VSttr. 1879, p. 357. 



Boenecken — Vlrchow's Archlv. 120, p. 7. 



British Surgeons — British Med. Journ. May, 1897. 



Bruckmneller — Cited by Cadlot & Almy In Tralt« de Th6r. Chlr. d. Anlm. Dom. 



Chaput— Archlv. G6n6r. de MCdec. 1892, p. 261. 



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Frank— Med. Record. Oct., 1896. Sep., 1897. 



Froehner — Monatsheft. t. prakt. Thlerhellk. 



Gray. Voter. Journal. 40, p. 401. 



Gruetzner— Deutsch. med. Wochensehr. 1894, No. 48. 



Gurlt — Cited by Moeller In Lchrb. d. spec. Chlr. f. Thleraerzt. 



Halsted— Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin. Feb., 1898. 



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Hobday-^ourn. Comp. Path. & Therap. 1899. 



jaffe— Vlrchow's Archlv. 1877, p. 81. 



Jordan— Lancet. 1897, p. 1106. 



Klrsteln— Dentsch. med. Wochensehr. 49, 1889. 



Kltt — Lehrb. d. Path. Anat. DIagnost. 2. 



Kowaleskl— Cited by Cad6ac In Path. d. Anlm. Domest. 



Lienaux- Ann. de MSd. V6t6r. Dec, 1897. Nov., 1898. „^, ^ . . „ 



Mathls— Cited by Cadlot & Almy in Tralt« de Th«rap. Chlr. d. Anlm. Domeet. 



Morey— Journ. de M6d. V6t6r. 1896, p. 535. 



jHyles — Med. Press & Circular. April, 189T. 



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Parkes — Gunshot Wounds of the Small Intestines. 



pgcuB— Cited by Cadfiac In Pathol, d. Anlm. Domest. 



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