200 Surgical Diseases and Surgery of the Dog 



overcome constipation, cold enemeta, and appropriate inunction. 

 When chronic or ulcerated, protruding internal piles are best re- 

 moved with clamp and cautery under general anesthesia, as follows : 

 Hopple the animal and dilate the sphincter with a. speculum. Seize 

 the tumor with forceps, draw it out, and clamp it at its base in a 

 direction parallel with the longitudinal axis of the gut. Cut it off 

 far enough from the clamp to leave sufficient stump for searing, 

 and apply the cautery. Instead of cauterising, a ligature may be 

 employed. The non-protruding form is best treated by punctate 

 cauterization, the point of the cautery being made to penetrate the 

 substance of the tumor. 



When the external variety requires operative treatment it may 

 be seized with forceps, dissected from neighboring tissues, the pedicle 

 tightly ligated with silk, the tumor cut off on the occluded side, and 

 the wound sutured. Where blood has been extravasated the tumor 

 should be incised, the clot removed, and the skin sutured. An abs- 

 cess is treated in the usual manner. 



PROLAPSE OF THE ANUS. PROCIDENCE OF THE RECTUM. 



Distinction must b'e made between simple prolapse of the rectal 

 mucosa for a short distance, and true eversion or procidence of 

 all the rectal or intestinal tunics. The former condition probably 

 has its origin in a local hyperemia, while the latter is of the nature 

 of intussusception, and is due to any cause which may induce an 

 exaggeration of the normal ejaculatory functions of the rectum. 

 Simple prolapse of the mucosa may, by a constant and increasing 



dragging effect cause the mus- 

 cular tunic to follow. Weak- 

 ness of the external sphincters 

 and of the supporting action of 

 the levator ani may at times aid 

 in producing the conditions. 



Procidence of the rectum is 

 seen quite frequently in puppies 

 suffering from intestinal catarrh 

 and parasites. In older dogs, 

 anything which will cause the 

 animal to unduly strain, such as 

 chronic constipation, diarrhea 



Mo. 44. Procidence of the Bectntn. 



