204 Surgical Diseases and Surgery of the Dog 



tion. This method produces pressure-gangrene and inflammatory 

 adhesion at the line of ligation. 



Moeller passes two threaded needles crosswise through the 

 protrusion close to the anus. He then cuts through at a distance 

 of one-half to one inch posterior to the stitches and draws forth 

 both stitches from the lumen of the inner layer. After cutting 

 through the center of these, four sutures remain in position. If 

 necessary (in larger animals) two extra stitches may be passed 

 diagonally between these and treated in the same manner. All the 

 sutures are tied and the stump is pushed back into the cavity. 



To all these latter methods one serious objection may be 

 offered, — they do not take into account the possibility of the 

 protrusion being the sac of the hernia and containing a coil of 

 intestine, which would run the risk of being included in the liga- 

 tures or sutures. 



NEOPLASMS. 



The type of tumor met with in the anal region is epithelial 

 or glandular. When it originates in the skin immediately 

 outside the anus it is epithelioma, and when it grows within the 

 rectum just within the anus it is adenocarcinoma, though simple 

 adenomata of the peri-anal glands are sometimes found outside 

 the anus. Sutton regards the majority of anal tumors as innocent 

 sebaceous adenomata. 



Symptoms and Diagnosis. The epitheliomatous tumor has a 

 characteristic shape, being wart-like or in the form of a cauliflower- 

 like excresence, and may be pedunculate. Froehner has pointed out 

 that this pedunculation is sometimes very suggestive of lipoma. 

 Its surface may be ulcerated with raised and hard edges, and give 

 vent to a turbid, evil-smelling secretion, which cauterizes the ad- 

 jacent skin. The tumor may be unilateral, bilateral, or situated 

 above or below the anal opening or it may be composed of numer- 

 ous knots completely encircling the same. In size, it may be as 

 large as a hen's egg or an apple, and in consistence, usually soft 

 but sometimes hard. Its surface color is red or bluish-red. It 

 is easily distinguished from suppurating anal glands by absence 

 of fluctuation, but the knotty form needs careful examination to 

 differentiate from external hemorrhoids. A good rule is to regard 

 all rapidly-growing tumors of this region with suspicion. 



Treatment. All tumors of the anal region should be totally 



