The Abdomen 211 



Harley regards the mere effects of operation as very fatal, par- 

 ticularly from shock. 



The mode of operation is as follows: Incise the abdominal 

 wall from the ensiform cartilage backwards for three to five inches 

 slightly to either side of the linea alba. Draw the duodenum for- 

 ward and separate the portion of the organ it is intended to remove 

 from its intestinal attachments. Doubly ligate all vessels. The 

 horizontal portion is reached by raising the spleen and great 

 omentum, or to simplify matters the latter can be completely re- 

 moved. Removal of the isolated portion can then be effected by 

 simple incision between the double ligatures. Senn advises the 

 employment of rubber-bands and prevents the knots made in them 

 from unfastening by transfixing them with a silk ligature. He 

 also advocates the severance of tissues by tearing rather than by 

 cutting, and states that it is not essential or necessary to remove 

 detached vascular portions of the gland as atrophy of the paren- 

 chyma ensues, but it is highly important to remove parts deprived 

 of their vascular supply. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



Berard & Colin— Canstatt's Jahrcsberlcht. 1857, 1-3, p. 64. 



Bernard— Lecons de Phys. Exper. 2. Paris. 1S56, p. 274. 



Brumier — Experiments nova circa Pancreas. 1682. Miscellanea Mat. Onrios. 1688. 



Finliler — Verhandl. d. Congresses i. Inn. Medicin. Wiesbaden. ' 1886, p. 172. 



HSdon— ArchiT. M6d. Exper. et a. I'Anat. Path. 3, 1891, p. 44. 



HMon & Mouret — Comptes rendus de la Soc. de Biol. 1895, p. 201. 



Klebs & Munk — Tageb. d. 43 Versamml, deutscb. Naturforsch. u, Aerzt. in Innsbruck. 1869. 



Martinotti — Glom. del B. Accad. di Medlclna del Torino. 1888, p. 348. 



Ton Mering & Minkowski — Arcbiv. t. exper. Path. & Pbarmakol. 26, 1890, p. 371. 



Senn — Trans. Amer. Snrg. Assn. 4, 1886, p. 99. 



Yaughan Harley-^oom. Anat. & Phys. 1891-92, p. 26. 



The Spleen 



EXAMINATION. 



The spleen is easily felt in thin animals by abdominal palpation 

 with the fingers of both hands. In this manner neoplastic changes 

 can be detected without difficulty. 



CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS. 



Accessory spleens sometimes occur. SpreuU observed an in- 

 stance in which the organ was separated into two distinct por- 

 tions by a space of two inches. 



