The Abdomen 



239 



gradually withdrawn to permit the instrument to pass the perineal 

 curve. 



The bougie and metallic sound are passed in a similar manner. 



PASSAGE OF THE CATHETER IN THE FEMALE. 



Secure the animal in the 

 ventral position and dilate 

 the vagina with a specu- 

 lum. Introduce the cath- 

 eter into the vesti- 

 bule, direct it within 

 the urethral orifice, 

 and pass it forward 

 till it enters the 



bladder. , no. 49. Vaglnal Specnlnm. 



IRBIGATION. 



This operation is productive of highly satisfactory results in 

 inflammatory conditions of the bladder, the object being to bring 

 disinfectant and other medicinal agents in direct contact with the 

 diseased tissue. It is also resorted to as an adjunct to urethrotomy 

 when the latter operation is performed for the removal of calculi, 

 in order to produce immediate evacuation of any calculi which may 

 still remain in the bladder. It is carried out by the siphonage sys- 

 tem. The animal being secured in the dorsal position, a catheter is 

 introduced within the bladder in the ordinary manner. The stylet 

 being withdrawn, the urine is permitted to escape. Connection is 

 then made with a small rubber tube and funnel and the latter are 

 elevated. The solution is poured in, and when the organ is well 

 distended is allowed to run out again by depressing the tube to a 

 lower level. 



PUNCTURE. 



This operation is indicated whenever urine is prevented from 

 escaping in the natural manner and there is risk of rupture of the 

 bladder from its accumulation. The operation is a minor one and 

 entirely devoid of any ill after-effects, owing to the remarkable 

 capacity of the organ to contract under the stimulus of an instru- 



