The Abdomen 259 



the identity of the malignant type of growth (See Chapter on 

 Neoplasms). It is usually unilateral. Cadiot has seen tubercul- 

 osis. Enlargement of the gland may also exist as an indurated 

 fibroid condition, in which there is a great increase of connective 

 tissue with atrophy of the parenchyma, and sometimes presence of 

 retention cysts. 



Symptoms and Diagnosis. The gland presents an indurated, 

 insensitive growth, sometimes five or six times greater than normal, 

 with uneven, knotty surface, and with or without fluctuating cystic 

 areas. The corresponding cord is usually tumefied. 



Treatment. The only effective treatment is castration, and it 

 should be practiced early, the cord being ligated as far above the 

 thickening as possible. A very stout, double ligature should be 

 used. The operation is contraindicated when metastasis has taken 

 place. When the scrotum is involved, it may also be removed. 



PARASITIC EMASCULATION. 



Dogs on this continent are subject to attack by the emasculat- 

 ing bot-fly -(Cuterebra emasculator) . The first recorded instance 

 of this remarkable example of parasitism came to my notice in 

 Montreal in 1893. Since then Glass states that he has seen it on 

 two different occasions. Professor Fletcher, Dominion Entomolo- 

 gist at Ottawa, informs me that squirrels are commonly affected 

 to the extent of becoming emasculated either by the direct action 

 of the parasite or through their own endeavors to relieve themselves 

 of its presence with their teeth. Fitch also made this observation 

 in 1856, in the environs of Lakeville, N. Y. The fly deposits its 

 eggs by piercing the scrotum. In the instance which I observed 

 a small part of one extremity of the larva projected through an 

 orifice in the scrotum, the larger portion of it being buried and 

 encapsulated by a zone of inflammatory fibrous tissue. It was 

 seized with forceps and extracted without much difficulty. It is 

 probable, that if allowed to remain, the parasite would bring about 

 inflammatory changes in, or complete destruction of, the testicle, 

 in the same manner that it does in the squirrel. 



ORCHECTOMY. CASTRATION. 



This operation is primarily of importance as a remedial measure 



