282 Surgical Diseases . and Surgery of the Dog 



sought, straightened out, and brought forward. The same sutures 

 which are made to close the opening in the muscular wall are passed 

 through the muscular tissue of the cornua in the manner figured 

 in the accompanying illustration, while separate sutures are used 

 in the skin wound. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



Bonnet — Cited in Veterinary News. April, 1905. 



Brooks & Whltworth— The Veterinarian. 89, p. 33. 



Burke — The Veter Journal. 1890, p. 12. 



Cros— Rec. de M6d. V6t6r. 1832, p. 599. 



Elchenberger — Schwelz. Archly. 188S, p. 91. 



Froehner— Monatsh. f. prakt. Thlerhellk. 1892-93, p. 382. 



Funk— Cited by Fleming in Veterln. Obstetrics. 



Gulllebeau— Schwelz. Archly. 1880, p. 32. 



Kehrers— Cited by Fleming In Veterin. Obstetrics. 



Kitt— Lehrb. d. Path. Anat. Diagnost. 2. 



Leech— The Veterinarian. 39, p. 190. 



Menyeux — Rec. de MSd. V6t6r. 1894. 



Rldler & Hobday- The Veterinarian. 1905, p. 334. 



Romanl— CUnlca Vetcrlnarla. 1889, p. 203. 



Sauer — Cited by Fleming in Veterln. Obstetrics. 



Sutton — Journ. of Anat. and Phys. 1884. 



Welch— Journ. of Comp. Med. and Veter. ArcMyes. 1900, p. 761. 



The Vagina 

 EXAMINATION. 



The vagina is examined by direct inspection, the animal being 

 secured in the dorsal position with the hind legs brought forward. 

 By separating the labia of the vulva with the fingers it is possible 

 to see a short distance within, but to properly inspect the whole 

 extent of the canal an expansible speculum should be employed and 

 light reflected with the aid of a mirror. 



CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS. 



According to Kitt, many typical instances of the condition 

 known as Anus-vulva-vaginalis have been recorded. This is a con- 

 genital malformation or imperfect development. It will be remem- 

 bered that during fetal life a depression forms at the site of the 

 anus, which joins the rectum and genito-urinary organs. It later 

 becomes separated from the latter, but if this process should not 

 continue to completion the above-named conditon results. Stenosis 

 of the vagina I have seen in a Collie, where copulation was im- 

 possible. 



VAGINITIS. VULVITIS. 



Inflammation of the vagina and vulva occurs in both acute and 



