300 Surgical Diseases and Surgery of the Dog 



in its natural position by the following method: Empty the rectum 

 with an enema, elevate the animal's hind-quarters, insert the thumb 

 in the rectum and exert pressure with it through the rectal wall, 

 and at the same time manipulate the tumor from the outside. 

 Usually this maneuver is sufficient to cause the bladder to glide 

 back into place. When it fails herniotomy must be undertaken as 

 already described. It is best to insert a temporary tampon of 

 aseptic gauze in the wound to stimulate the formation of adhesions, 

 the skin being sutured over it. If the prostate is enlarged castra- 

 tion is also indicated. In one instance, where the prostate, much 

 enlarged, formed the protrusion, I removed the latter by a process 

 of dissection and tearing away. In doing this the urethra was acci- 

 dentally ruptured. No attempt was made to suture it, and for a 

 week succeeding the operation urine flowed through the outer 

 wound, just as it is allowed to do after an operation for removal 

 of stone from the urethra. But the wound soon closed and urina- 

 tion by the natural channel was reestablished and the animal made 

 an uneventful recovery. In a female in which the uterus formed the 

 contents, Benkert performed celiotomy in the inguinal region, in- 

 troduced his hand and replaced the organ in its natural position. 

 The animal produced young regularly thereafter. Lienaux treated 

 his case by opening the abdomen, straightening the bowel and sutur- 

 ing the latter to the abdominal wall. 



CruraJ Hernia. This form is very rare. Kitt cites Lafosse 

 and Bruckmueller as authority for its occurrence, Hertwig refers 

 to it, and Girard has also seen it. Cadix recorded a case of bilateral 

 crural hernia in a female. It is characterized by protrusion of por- 

 tions of the viscera, usually the intestine enveloped by parietal peri- 

 toneurn, through the crural ring in the course of the crural or 

 femoral vessels. Crural hernia emerges beneath Poupart's liga- 

 ment, inguinal above it. The condition tends towards strangulation. 



Symptoms and Diagnosis. The usual form of swelling is ob- 

 served but in addition there is lameness on the affected side. 



Treatment. This is the same as already outlined, only the 

 technic involves particular caution in the avoidance of the vessels 

 which traverse this region. 



Diaphrtigmatic Hernia. This lesion may be congenital or ac- 

 quired. It is characterized by protrusion of abdominal viscera into 

 the thoracic cavity with or without the peritoneal coat remaining 



