The Abdomen 301 



intact. The acquired form may occur as a result of dilation of the 

 foramen sinistrum through relaxation of the cardiac, gastro-hepatic, 

 and gastro-colic ligaments when the empty stomach is primarily 

 the herniated portion. Fuenfstueck saw a case of this kind, the 

 stomach having become wedged in between the lungs and appeared 

 at the necropsy as a large distended bladder. It was supposed to 

 have resulted through a habit possessed by the animal of bounding 

 down a winding stairway. Caparini and Bernard have seen it re- 

 sult from violent expiratory and defecatory efforts. In these cases 

 there is rupture of either the tendinous or muscular portion of the 

 diaphragm. In Bernard's case portions of the liver and intestine 

 formed the protrusion. In Caparini's case there were two super- 

 imposed perforations, each giving passage to portions of the bowel. 

 The portion passing through the inferior aperture was strangulated, 

 while that passing through the upper rent had penetrated the in- 

 terior of the pericardium, distending it and displacing the heart 

 laterally. 



Symptoms and Diagnosis. In the acquired form there is sud- 

 den restlessness, crying, anxious facial expression, dyspnea, and 

 meteorism, which are followed by death within a few hours. The 

 congenital form may exist for years without giving rise to any 

 symptoms. 



Pancreatic Hernia. Under this name the earlier writers de- 

 scribed passage of the small intestine through the hiatus of Wins- 

 low, the foramen formed by the great omentum between the poste- 

 rior vena cava and portal vein, and bordered by the anterior ex- 

 tremity of the pancreas and the lesser curvature of the stomach. 

 No particular mention is made of its occurrence in the dog, the 

 only reference I have been able to find being a suggestion of such 

 a possibility in an article by Pecus. 



BIBLIOGEAPHY. 



Benkert — Cited by Cadlot & Almy In Tralte de ThSr. Chlr. d. Anim. Dom. 



Bernard — Rev. V6t6r. 1886. p. 4B2. Correspondenzbl. (. schweiz. Aerzte. Nov., 1897. 



Cadix— Ree. de M6d. V6t«r. 1898, p. 102. 



Caparini — II BuUetlno veter. 1880, p. 129. 



Edgar — Veterinarian. 1894, p. 135. 



Faenfstueck — Ber. ue. d. Veterlnaerw. Im Koenlgr. Sacbsec. 1878, p. 106. 



Glrard— Bee. de M6d. VCt«r. 1824, p. 114. 



Gonbaux— Be<i. de Med. Y6t6T. 1858, p. 984. 



Griffiths — Joom. Anat. & Phys. 1892-93, p. 209. 



Hobday — Canine & Feline Surgery. Journ. Comp. Patb. & Ther. 8, p. 153. 



Kltt— Lehrb. d. Path. Anat. Diagnost. 



La Torre — La Gyn6c. April, 1897. 



uenaux— Ann de M^d. Veter. March, 1903. 



