1907. 



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1908. 



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1909. 



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64 ARENICOLA MARINA. 



1900. Arenicola marina, Gamble and Ashworth. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., vol. xliii, N.S., p. 422, et seq., 



pi. xxiii, etc. 



1900. „ „ Fauvel. Bull. sc. Fr. Belg., xxxiii, p. 313. 



„ „ „ Beaumont. Proc. R. Irish Acad., ser. 3, vol. v, p. 784. 



1901. „ „ Ferronniere. Bull. Soc. Sc. Nat. Ouesfc Fr., ser. 2, p. 18. 

 „ „ „ Ehlers. Polych. Magell. u. Chil., p. 176. 



„ „ „ Allen and Todd. Journ. M. B. A., n.s., vol. vi, p. 195. 



Masterman. Text-book Zool., pp. 181—190, figs. 108—114. 



1902. „ „ Allen and Todd. Journ. M. B. A., n.s., vol. vi, p. 321. 



1903. „ „ Nobre. Ann. Sc. Nat. Porto, viii, p. 91. 



„ „ „ Norman. Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. xii, p. 283. 



1904. „ „ Asliworth. L. M. B. C. Memoirs, xi, p. 72 et ubique. 



,, „ „ Browne and Vallentin. Journ. R. Inst. Cornwall, p. 130. 



„ „ „ Journ. M. B. A., vol. vii, p. 230. 



„ „ ,, Kiasr. Nyt Mag. f. Naturvid., xlii, pp. 64, 73, 76. 



1905. ,, „ Nordgaard. Hydrog. Biol. Norw. Fjords, pp. 163, 235. 

 „ „ „ Graeffe. Arb. Zool. Inst. Wien, xv, p. 10. 



„ Clymenides sulphured, Fauvel. Hist. Nat. Cotentin, iii, p. 75. 



1906. Arenicola marina, Kiger. Tromso Mus. Aarsb. xxviii, p. 17. 



Fauvel. Ann. Sc. nat., ser. 9, t. vi, p. 27 (statocyst). 

 Ehlers. Deutsch. Medic, naturwiss. Gesellsch., Jena, Bd. xiii, p. 47. 

 Mcintosh. Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. i, p. 382. 



Horst. Tijdschr. Nederl. Dierk. Yer., Suppl., ser. 2, xi, pp. 138, 149. 

 Ashworth. Fisheries Ireland Sc. Invest., 1908, ii, p. 1. 



„ „ piscatorum, Morey. Nat. Hist. Isle of Wight, p. 234. 



1910. „ manna, Ashworth. Mitt. Zool. Museum Berlin, Bd. iv, p. 348. 



„ ,, „ idem. Ann. Sc. nat., 9 e ser., t. x, p. 112. 



„ „ „ idem. Proc. U.S. National Mus., vol. xxxix, p. 5. 



„ „ „ Southern. Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., vol. xxviii, p. 239. 



„ „ „ Elwes. Journ. M. B. A., vol. ix, p. 64. 



„ „ „ Beddard. Encycl. Brit., ed. 11, vol, v, p. 794, fig. 9. 



1912- » „ Ashworth. Cat. Chaatopoda Brit. Mus., p. 86, pi. i; pi. iv, fig. 10; pi. x, 



figs. 26, 27, 28; pi. xii, figs. 39, 40; pi. xiii, figs. 43, 46; 

 pi. xiv, figs. 47, 48. 



Habitat — Abundant all round the British shores, including Ireland, in sand or 

 muddy sand in U-shaped tubes. Laminarian variety, common on certain parts of the 

 Lancashire coast, e.g. near Blackpool, at extreme low water (about 3 ft. in sand) ; also in 

 the Forth between Portobello and Musselburgh (Ashworth) ; Jersey, St. Andrews, etc. 



Ashworth 1 observes that this species occurs on the western shores of Europe as far 

 south as Portugal, in the north to Norway, White Sea, the west side of Spitzbergen, and 

 the western part of the Baltic. It extends to the Mediterranean (Trieste), and is found 

 in the Faroes, Iceland, Greenland, and along the east coast of America as far as JNoank, 

 Connecticut. 



The Head is trilobate, and generally retracted beyond the crescentic nuchal groove 

 (nuchal organ). It bears no processes, and the eyes (2—5) are only visible on section. 

 Ashworth thinks the first two annuli represent the peristomium, and that the third and 



1 ' Cat. ChaBtopoda Brit. Mus,/ p. 101, 1912. 



