CHLORJEMKLE. 85 



Dr. Johnston (1865) formed the family Siphonostomaceae for this group, but he had 

 only two species under it, viz. Slphonostoma uncinata and Trophonia plumosa. 



Kinberg l (1866) placed his Chloraemea between the Anthostomea (Ariciidae) and 

 Chaetopterea, but adds nothing in regard to the family characters. 



M. Sars 3 (1868) found four members of this family at considerable depths, viz. 

 Ohlorgeina pellucid am, at 200 fathoms ; Trophonia pallida, T. pilosa, and T. flabellata, at 

 300 fathoms. 



In the Chloraemidae, Ray Lankester 3 (1873) mentions that " haemoglobin is replaced 

 in their blood by a body having similar properties, giving a dark red colour to the 

 vascular fluid when seen in sufficient thickness, and a bright green in thinner layers. 

 This body gave a very sharply-marked and characteristic pair of absorption bands in the 

 oxidised condition, which were changed to a single one in the reduced condition, as in the 

 case of haemoglobin, the bands, however, having a relative intensity and a position 

 altogether differing from those of haemoglobin." After further chemical treatment this 

 body, to which the name of Chlorocruorin was given, furnished two absorption-bauds 

 identical with haemoglobin when similarly treated. 



Grube, in 1878, 4 gave a further account of this family, its general structure, nomen- 

 clature, as well as the position assigned to it by various authors, and a perusal of this 

 suffices to show the confusion which had crept into the nomenclature and classification of 

 the group. He mentions the occurrence of the green blood, the general characters of the 

 bristles and hooks, the condition of the anterior region, the alimentary canal, blood- 

 vessels, and other internal organs. After a critical summary of the names of the family, 

 he classifies them thus : 



a. The bristles of the first and generally of the second and third segments straight, 

 directed forward, and stronger and longer than the others. Siphonostonum, Flabelligera, 

 Trophonia, Piromis. 



(a) The skin beset with long and slender papillae. Siphonostonum , Otto. 



(b) The skin with shorter, wrinkled papillae, and the bristles often longer and like 

 crotchets. Flabelligera, Stylarioides, Trophonia. 



b. The bristles of the first and the second segment hair-like, and little different from 

 the rest. Brada. 



Then follow the species under the various genera, chiefly differentiated by the con- 

 dition of the bristles, but also of the neck-plate, branchiae, and other features. 



Th. Studer 5 (1878) figures a section of the body-wall of Brada mamillata from 

 Kerguelen, but no ventral longitudinal muscles are shown, though they are mentioned in 

 the description. 



The Chloraemidae, according to Levinsen 6 (1883), were, with a question, grouped 

 under the S ' yllidiformia Spionina, apparently because no other position could be found for 

 them. He places the genera thus : Flabelligera, Trophonia, and Brada. 



1 ' Oiversigt Kongl. Vet.-Akad. Forhandl./ 1866, p. 337. 



2 < Yidensk.-Selsk. Forhandl./ 1868 (sep. copy), p. 10. 



3 ' Proc. Roy. Soc./ vol. xxi, 1873, p. 2. 



4 ' Jahrb. Schles. Gesellsch. fur Yaterl. Cultur/ 1877, t. lv. 



5 ' Arch. f. Naturges./ Bd. xliv, 1878, p. Ill, pi. v, fig. 8. 



6 Op. cit. } p. 180. 



