86 CHLOILEMID^E. 



Horst 1 (1885) returned to the structure of the problematical organ which Otto had 

 considered a second oesophagus, and Delle Chiaje a diverticulum of the stomach, but 

 which most authors, e.g. Dujardin, Costa, Max Miiller, Rathke, and De Quatrefages, had 

 diagnosed as a blood-vessel. Claparede, 2 however, differed, and considered it a gland 

 which opened into the buccal cavity, as Studer also thought. Horst was of opinion that 

 it was a heart and heart-body, such as is found in the sedentary forms, Cirratidus, 

 Terebella, and Terebellides. 



Joyeux-Laffuie 8 (1887) stated that in Ghlorsdma Dujardini, which occurs at Lac-sur- 

 Mer on the spaces between the spines of the purple sea-urchin, the long papillaB are not 

 tactile, since they have no nerve-supply ; that the tentacles (2) are divided by a septum 

 into two chambers, which communicate distally, and probably aid in respiration. The 

 ciliated groove externally leads to the mouth. The eye is formed by the fusion of four 

 simple eyes. He mentions five pairs of ovaries or of testes, but does not allude to the 

 nephridia. 



Cunningham 4 (1888) states that a neural canal exists in each cord at the inner side 

 dorsally. The same author and Ramage 5 give an account of the vascular system, the 

 nephridia, and the gonads. 



Marenzeller (Fauna, Spitzbergen, 1889) states that Delle Chiaje gave the name 

 Sti/lari aides in 1829; then followed Audouin and Edwards with Trophonia in 1834 (Hist. 

 Nat. Litt. de la France) : Savigny's genus Aristenia is synonymous. In 1841 Delle 

 Chiaje placed Trophonia harbata, Aud. and Ed. as a synonym of his Sti/larioides moniliferus. 

 Trophonia thus lapses. 



Bles 6 (1892) notes that in Flahelligera diplochaitos the external investment is soluble 

 in 5 — 10 per cent, of sodium carbonate, but that the older internal layers (colloid) are 

 not. The thin-walled stomach is continued into an S-shaped duodenum, all which, with 

 the hinder end of the nephridia and the posterior ovaries in the female, are enclosed in 

 the septum between segments of 9—10, and which confines the free genital products 

 anteriorly. He confirms Horst's view as to the nature of the large contractile heart with 

 its heart-body, as occurs in various groups of Annelids, and he believes that the cells of 

 the heart-body are peritoneal in origin. The author describes the nephrostome in this 

 species as situated at the hind end of the supra- oesophageal ganglion. It leads into a 

 tube passing as far back as the twelfth segment, then curves and runs straight forward 

 to the first bundles of bristles, where it opens on a cervical papilla close to the pro- 

 tuberance bearing the eyes. The two limbs of the tube are closely applied during their 

 whole length, and somewhat resemble the thoracic nephridia in the Serpulidse. He 

 thought the Chloramida were modified Tubiculous annelids. 



De St. Joseph (1898) gives, after Marenzeller, the following classification : 



(1) Dorsal and ventral bristles capillary. 



1 f Zool. Anzeiger/ 1885, p. 12. 



2 ' Airael. Golfe Nap./ 2 p., p. 102, 



3 ' Compt. Rend. Acad. Sc./ Paris, t. civ, p. 1377. 



4 'Quart. Joura. Micr. Sci./ vol. xxviii, N.S., p. 273. 



5 < Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb./ vol. xxxiii, pp. 674-676. 



6 f Rep. Brit. Assoc/ for 1891, p. 373. 



