88 STYLARIOIDES. 



attention to the cardiac body in the dorsal vessel in front in various Chloraemidae. The 

 nephridia in Goppingeria are of large size and extend from the posterior part of the 

 prostomium backward to the two or three or more following segments in the dorsal 

 region. Their ducts meet in front below the oesophagus, and the median duct opens in 

 front — probably ventrally on or near the prostomium. He describes two pairs of eyes on 

 a lobe between the branchiae in Goppingeria, and they are more prominent than in S. affinis, 

 his figures of the structure of both being drawn with the author's usual care. 



Paton 1 (1899) found a lumen in the heart-body of Flabelligera, which Cunningham 

 did not see. He also met with crystalline calculi in the coelom, as Jourdan had previously 

 done in the mesenteries. As Bles observed, the anterior pair of nephridia had no blood- 

 vessels. It is possible either they or the reddish-brown pigment of the gills may aid in 

 excretions from the blood. 



The Chloraemidae occur between tide-marks in muddy fissures of rocks and shale, or 

 on muddy ground in deeper water, and some go to great depths, like the comparatively 

 large Basle iella abyssorum of the ' Challenger,' which frequents the 2500 fathom line. 

 Their distribution is cosmopolitan. 



Though their coloration is, as a rule, not striking, yet the iridescence of their long 

 bristles and the hues of their branchiae and tentacles nre not without beauty. 



Genus XCI. — Stylariojdes, Delle Ghiaje, 1829. 2 



Trophonia, Audouin and Edwards ; Pherusa, 3 (Oken) De Blainville ; Lophioeephalus, 

 Costa; Siphonostomam, Otto. 



Cephalic and anterior region retractile (forming a kind of siphon, containing the 

 mouth) and, in general, trilobate. Behind the mouth are two large tentacles (palpi) at 

 the base of a membranous peduncle supporting numerous branchiae disposed as in the 

 Serpulidae, but in parallel rows. Body in general long, enlarged anteriorly, slightly 

 attenuate posteriorly. Papillae few and small. Branchiae filiform, fixed to the anterior 

 margin of the buccal segment. Bristles of the first two or three segments long, strong, 

 straight, few, iridescent, and directed forward in the form of a cage for the cephalic 

 region. Dorsal bristles of the succeeding segments fine, few in number; ventral in the 

 form of crotchets. 



De St. Joseph (1898) also adopted Delle Chiaje's title — Stylarioides — for this genus, 

 and he made the following groups : (1) In which both dorsal and ventral bristles are 

 slender, and with eight branchiae, four large and four small, arising behind the mouth, 

 e. g. S. glauca and S. hirsuta. (2) Dorsal bristles slender, ventral in the form of hooks ; 

 eight or ten branchiae as in the first group, e. g. S. flabellata. (3) Dorsal bristles slender, 

 ventral recurved, with a sub-rostral spine; branchiae numerous; S. areuosa. His fourth 

 and fifth groups contain no British form. 



1 < Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci./ vol. xli, n.s., p. 283, pi. xxi, figs. 23, 26, and 34. 



3 'Memorie/ vol. iv, p. 178; ' Descrizione/ vol. iii, p. 75. 



3 This title was used for a crustacean by Leach in 1815, and for a polyp by Lamouroux in 1816. 



