144 NERINE FOLIOSA. 



1883. Spio foliosus, Levinsen. Vidensk. Meddel. Foren. Kjobenh., p. 99. 



1888. Nerine coniocephala, Cunningham and Ramage. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb., vol. xxxiii, p. 636 



pi. xxxvi, fig. 1. 

 ,, „ „ Cunningham. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., vol. xxviii, N.S., pp. 248 and 273 



pi. xviii, fig. 9. 

 1894. Spio foliosus, Bidenkap. Christ. Vidensk. -Selsk. Forhandl., p. 95. 



„ Nerine foliosa, De St. Joseph. Ann. Sc. nat., 8 e ser., t. xviii, p. 72, pi. iv, figs. 84—85. 



1896. „ M Mesnil. Bull. Sc. Fr. Belg., ser. 4, t. xxix, p. 165, pi. x, figs. 13—18. 



1897. Scolecolepis foliosa, Michaelsen. Polych. deutsch. Meere, p. 152. 

 1904. Nerine coniocephala, Journ. M. B. A., vol. vii, p. 227. 



1909. w foliosa, Mcintosh. Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. iii, p. 156. 



1914. „ }) Southern. Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., vol. xxxi, No. 47, p. 100. 



Habitat. — Abundant in sand and muddy sand between tide-marks, and tossed on the 

 beach after storms. Generally distributed around the British shores. 



Elsewhere it is found in the North Sea, Norway, Sweden, Finmark (Malmgren), and 

 France, and ranges to a depth of 1,326 metres (' Porcupine '). 



Anteriorly the body is pale orange or dull yellow, posteriorly dull yellow with, in 

 some, a tinge of green. The dorsum is marked anteriorly by fine transverse lines, darker 

 in some than in others. The under-surface is dull yellow with a median streak. The 

 branchia3 are bright red, but from the yellow border in those arising anteriorly this is 

 somewhat obscured. This yellow crest degenerates posteriorly into a light orange pad to 

 the outer side of the branchial process. In some examples from Plymouth a deep orange 

 hue characterised the anterior bristles. 



In the anterior region of the body, where both fillets are present in the feet, and 

 where the branchiae are large, each segment dorsally shows two transverse ridges and a 

 median furrow, whereas ventrally the segment is undivided, each being separated by a 

 deep furrow at the junction in front and behind. In the next region, where the branchiae 

 are less, the dorsum of each segment has an elevated transverse ridge with a narrow 

 groove and a belt in front and behind. Ventrally, a broad ridge with a furrow, and a 

 narrower belt in front and behind occurs. Still further backward, and where the 

 branchia is represented by a rounded papilla, the dorsum shows an elevated transverse 

 band with a more or less median furrow, an enlargement in the centre of the dorsum 

 anteriorly, and one at each side, the intermediate region being marked by transverse 

 lines. On the ventral surface a similar elevated transverse band is present, but the lateral 

 enlargements are indistinct, and though there is an interrupted median band no median 

 enlargement of the transverse band is visible. 



Head (Plate XCVI, fig. 13) forming a somewhat blunt cone (rounded button, Mesnil), 

 the dorsal ridge terminating posteriorly in a rounded enlargement followed by a short 

 tentacle. Eyes, four, placed at the base of the tentacle. (No eyes, Mesnil.) Tentacles 

 (palpi, Mesnil) elongate, tapering. Proboscis forming a short cylinder in extrusion, the 

 free margin presenting an irregular series of frills, whilst the column is marked by longi- 

 tudinal grooves ventrally. In some in full extrusion two pouting lobes occur distally 

 (Plate XCVI, fig. 13), with a smaller bibbed process above and a single lobe below, 

 whilst within the frilled margin laterally and inferiorly is a crenate brown line indicating 

 a differentiation. The body reaches 6 — 8 inches in length, and in large examples is 



