NERINE CIRRATULUS. 149 



1889-90. Scolecolepis vulgaris, Malaquin. Rev. Biol. Nord Fr., t. ii, p. 185. 



189 °- „ >, (Hard. Bull. Sc. Fr. et Belg., t. xxii, p. 80. 



1891. Nerine cirratulus, Hornell. Trans. Biol. Soc. Liverp., vol. v, p. 254. 



1893 - » » Lo Bianco. Atti d. R. Acad. Sc. Napoli, 2 ser., vol. v, No. 11, p. 32. 



1894. „ longirostris, De St. Joseph. Ann. Sc. nat., 7 e ser., t. xvii, p. 74, pi. iv, fig. 86—90. 



1896. „ cirratulus, Mesnil. Bull. sc. Fr. Belg., t. xKix, p. 152, pi. ix. 



1897. Scolecolepis squamata, Michaelsen. Polych. deutsch. Meere, p. 45. 



1898 - » „ De St. Joseph. Ann. Sc. nat., 8 e ser., t. v, p. 349, pi. xx, fig. 164. 



1904. Nerine cirratulus, Fauvel. Journ. M. B. A., vol. vii, p. 227. 



Nusbaum. Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool., Bd. lxxi'x, p. 22, Taf. xvi, fig. 39. 



Mcintosh. Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. iii, p. 158. 



Fauvel. Bull. Inst. Ocean., p. 6. 



Lo Bianco. Mitt. Zool. St. Neap., Bd. xix, p. 582. 



Southern. Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., xxvii, p. 234. 



Elwes. Journ. M. B. A., vol. ix, p. 62. 



Southern. Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., vol. xxxi, no. 47, p. 99. 



1909. 



)) 



1910. 



)) 

 1914. 



Habitat. — Found on shore at the East and West Sands, St. Andrews, after storms, 

 and occasionally obtained by digging in the sand at low- water mark (E. and R. Mcintosh) ; 

 Southport Sands (Dr. Carrington and W. C. M.) ; Firth of Forth (Cunningham and 

 Ramage) ; Plymouth (Allen) ; Malahide and Clare Island (Southern). 



Abroad it occurs in the Mediterranean (Delle Chiaje, Claparede, Lo Bianco) ; in fine 

 sand with Ophelia, shores of France (De Quatrefages, Mesnil and De St. Joseph) ; 

 Heligoland (Michaelson). 



It abounds on the grounds inhabited by Arenicola. 



Head (Plate XCVIII, fig. 1) acutely pointed anteriorly, the central processes passing 

 backward to end in the median tentacle, so that when this is flattened, as in many 

 preparations, the snout seems to be pointed at both ends. The occipital tentacle is usually 

 free beyond the base but occasionally is fixed throughout, its broad prominent base being 

 in front, and its tapering tip reaching the second or third bristled segment. The median 

 ridge is supported by a process of the buccal segment at each side, and thus when viewed 

 from the dorsum the region is trilobed. The eyes are situated in front of the occipital 

 tentacle in the form of four small points, the anterior being wider apart, so that the axis 

 passing through the eyes on each side is oblique, sloping from behind forward and outward. 

 The tentacles (palpi of some) (Plate XC, fig. 2) are of great length and often gracefully 

 coiled at the tip. On the ventral surface of each is a groove, and a red blood-vessel 

 occupies the centre of the organ. At the base of the conical snout ventrally is the 

 opening of the mouth, and, when the proboscis is extruded as a frilled button, the aspect 

 of the parts is considerably altered. 



The body reaches 6 — 8 in. in length, tapers a little anteriorly, and much more pos- 

 teriorly. It is concave from side to side anteriorly, but throughout the rest of its extent 

 is slightly convex. Ventrally the surface is more or less convex, with an interrupted 

 and elevated median band. Tapering to the posterior extremity the body ends in a 

 pouting anus, which seems to be slightly crenate. De St. Joseph 1 observes that over the 

 anus is a membranous multilobed flap. 



1 ' Ann. Sc. nat., ; 7 e ser., t. xvii, p. 76. 



