SPIOPHANES BOMBYX. 185 



winged hooks are proportionally small, have a slightly curved and sharp main fang coming 

 off nearly at a right angle from the throat, and with a small spike on the crown. At the 

 thirtieth foot at least a dozen of these organs project from the surface. The wings are 

 small. The dorsal bristles have also (at the thirtieth) increased in length, and this feature 

 is marked at the fiftieth foot, where the superior cirrus still retains its characteristic 

 shape. A single tapering strong bristle points downward at the ventral edge of the row 

 of hooks. No branchiae are present, but powerfully ciliated dorsal bands occur. The 

 lateral region anteriorly has a series of opaque white lobes, almost semicircular in antero- 

 posterior view and situated behind the bristles. They are numerous, but ten from the 

 fourth foot backward are largest and project boldly from the sides. The cirri and the 

 respective bristles occupy their normal position, and the bodies themselves seem to be 

 glandular, containing a globular white sac-like mass, and bundle of fine fibres apparently 

 of secretion, and a cellulio-granular matrix. These glands are probably associated with 

 tube-formation, though no fibroid appearance has been seen in the transparent connecting 

 secretion. 



Just in front of the tail (Plate XCVII, fig. 6, and one with a bifid dorsal cirrus in 

 fig. 6 d) the dorsal cirrus forms a moderately long subulate organ which occasionally 

 shows a basal enlargement. The long dorsal bristles have a third of their length beyond 

 the tip of the cirrus. The region between the divisions of the foot is convex, and below 

 the row of about seven or eight hooks one or two curved bristles project ; the convexity 

 of the curve is outward. 



Reproduction. — Specimens procured on June 15th had large ova. A female on May 

 22nd had the greater part of its body distended with greyish or dull yellow ova, which, 

 when extruded, presented nucleus and nucleolus, and a ring of pale globules round the 

 margin, i.e. within the zona (Plate XOVI, fig. 14), the rest of the egg around the nucleus 

 being opaque. The eggs, however, after discharge from the ruptured end, soon alter 

 their appearance and become uniformly opaque, and by-and-by shrivel. Claparede 

 (1870) describes the ova as somewhat flattened spheroids, of 0*13 mm. in longer diameter, 

 with a thick papillose envelope, a germinative vesicle and nucleolus, and a series (twenty) 

 of pale vesicles disposed in a circle, each adhering to the chorion or external envelope. 



The young Spionid shown in Plate XCIV, fig. 16, may be that of Spiophanes, but 

 those in Plate XCIII, figs. 8 and 9, are more doubtful. 



Habits. — In confinement it is an active animal, restless when removed from its friable 

 tube of sand, keeping its flattened snout and two mobile frontal processes in constant 

 motion as it searches the containing vessel. The long tentacles are likewise in active 

 motion, now gracefully coiling in circles, and again extending to their full length. They 

 are irritable and fragile, few specimens being secured entire. Under examination the 

 short proboscis is sometimes thrust out as a wide tube, and again drawn in. It is some- 

 what delicate in confinement, since its elongated body has generally received injuries 

 more or less severe in capture, yet portions in their tubes survive for a considerable time. 



This is one of the many species with which the accomplished Claparede enriched 

 science. The work, both literary and artistic, which this delicate zoologist (for he 

 suffered from haemoptysis) accomplished under trying circumstances does him infinite 

 credit. He drew special attention to the large pouches containing tough fibres, which he 



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