EUNICIDAE. 345 



cephalic lobe, the presence or absence of tentacular cirri, and the condition of the 

 branchiae. 



Dr. George Johnston (1865), following Audouin and Edwards, grouped the Eunicidae 

 according to the presence or absence of branchiae, dividing those devoid of gills into those 

 with antennae and those in which these were absent or rudimentary. 



The same author 1 thought that, following the Amphinomaceae, the Euniceae, his third 

 family, made the connection between the first-named and the Nereids less abrupt. He 

 included seven species of Eunice m the British Fauna, viz., Eunice norvegica, E. annuli- 

 cornis, E. antennata, E. Harassii, E. gigantea, E. sanguined, and E. margaritacea. Two of 

 these, only casually alluded to by Dr. Williams, may be withdrawn, and probably refer to 

 well-known forms. The first two also are probably synonymous, and the last refers to 

 Marpliysa smiguinea. Besides these, Onuphis conchylega and Hyalinorcia tubicola, Lysidice 

 ninetta and Arabella tricolor, represent the other groups. 



De Quatrefages (18G5) followed Schmarda in separating Savigny's family of the 

 Eunicidae into two, viz., the Eunicidae and Lumbrinereiclae, the one characterized by 

 branchiae, the other by their general absence. He thought the Eunicidae were the most 

 elevated type of Annelids and contained some of the largest forms. He divided the 

 family into two groups according to the number of the tentacles (his antennae), Eunice 

 and Marpliysa having five, whilst Diopatra and Onuphis have seven, a sub-division in each 

 being made by the absence or presence of tentacular cirri (his tentacles). He terms the 

 maxillae the superior maxillae ; the great dental plates are his inferior maxillae ; the 

 other pieces are comprehended under his two pairs of denticles. The mandibles are his 

 labrum. 



Ehlers (1868) describes the Eunicea, Grube (char, auct.), as having an elongated 

 segmented body, cephalic lobe rounded, either with or without tentacles and palpi, or 

 neck-pads ; mostly with eyes. Foot generally single, or double, without appendages or 

 lobes ; dorsal and ventral cirri and branchiae with compound and simple bristles, or with 

 only simple bristles. Four anal cirri under the vent. Proboscis with jaws, the upper of 

 several joints, and with two plate-like lower jaws. 



He 2 divided the family Eunicea into two great groups, viz., the Eunicea labidognatha 

 and the E. prionognatha. The former has the interposing pieces of the upper jaw 

 heterogeneous. The pieces following the " Trager," and the untoothed pincers (Zange), 

 become surrounded by a half circle of smaller pieces. The feet single, with several 

 bundles of bristles. 



This he subdivided into those in which the two halves of the upper jaws have an 

 unequal number of pieces — one more in the left than in the right. Cephalic segment 

 with tentacles (E. labidognatha tentaculata). Under the second division of this group — 

 with five long posterior and two stumpy anterior tentacles are Diopatra, Aud. & Edw., 

 with two tentacular cirri, and Onuphis devoid of them. Under the third division with five 

 tentacles and branchiae are Eunice, Cuvier, with two tentacular cirri, and Marpliysa, De 

 Quatrefages, in which these are absent. In the fourth division is Nicidon, with five tentacles 

 and no branchiae. In the fifth division occurs Lysidice, Savigny, devoid of branchiae. 



1 'Cat. Worms Brit. Mus./ p. 129, 1865. 

 3 c Borstenwurmer/ ii, p. 280, 1868. 



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