BARNES AND McDUNNOUGH: CATOCALA 37 



was from Pennsylvania. Strecker applied the name circe to specimens from Texas which were more suffused with brown 

 and possessed a broad diffuse basal dash; we have not seen enough Texan material to judge as to the possibility of this 

 being a geographical race; the name is generally applied to northern specimens which occur with the typical form and 

 show the same characteristics (Fig. 17) ; such specimens are especially common among females. An aberration with the 

 dorsal portion of the abdomen suffused with pink has been named chiquita by Bartsch. Sinuosa Grote (Fig. 18) is at 

 least a good geographical race, if not a separate species; it is characterized by the narrow central black band on the sec- 

 ondaries and occurs in Florida and probably other Gulf States. 



The species is wide-spread, extending in one form or another over the greater portion of the eastern half of the 

 United States. In the north it is reported from Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec. 



Catocala verrilliana Grote 



Plate VIII, figs. 15 and 16; PL X, figs. 14 and 15; PL XIV, fig. 10 (larva); PL XV, fig. 27 (larval head) ; PL XV, fig. 40, 



and PL XVI, fig. 7 (larval segments); PL XXII, fig. 10 (clasper). 



Catocala verrilliana Grote, 1875, Can. Ent., VII, p. 185. Harvey, 1875, Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. ScL, III, p. 12. 



Catocala verrilliana var. votiva Hulst, 1884, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, VII, p. 41. 



Catocala werneri Biederman, 1909, Ent. News, XX, p. 76. Barnes and McDunnough, 1911, Ent. News, XXII, p. 180; 1912, Cont. 



Nat. Hist. North Amer. Lep., I., No. 4, p. 23, PL x, fig. 1. 

 Catocala beutenmuelleri Barnes and McDunnough, 1910, Can. Ent., XLII, p. 25.1; 1912, Cont. Nat. Hist. North Amer. Lep., I, No. 4, 



pp. 23, PL x, fig. 6; 1913, Psyche, XX, p. 193 (larva). 



This species is variable in the coloration of the primaries; the typical form from Texas has a distinct brownish tinge, 

 even more apparent than in the figure (PI. X, fig. 14) ; an aberration of this with yellow secondaries is votiva Hulst (Fig. 

 15). Holland's figure under this name (PI. xxxiv, fig. 16) is incorrect and should be referred to ophelia. Werneri Bieder- 

 man, of which the unique female type is before us, is seemingly either an aberration of this species or of violenta with a 

 diffuse brown shade over a large portion of the wing; the size and color of the secondaries point to verrilliana while the 

 dentate nature of the t. p. line above the fold is more as in violenta; the figure on plate VIII, figure 16 is not accurate, our 

 own photograph giving a better idea of the maculation; until more material is available we place it with verrilliana. In 

 Utah and on the Pacific Coast we meet with the race beutenmuelleri (PI. VIII, fig. 15), characterized by the bluish gray 

 tinge of the primaries and the less prominent 'dark basal dash. The larval history of this latter form has been described 

 by us and the figures given are based on Utah material; we presume that when the larva of the typical form is known it 

 will prove to be identical. 



The species is quite common in the Southwestern States, the type form being recorded from Colorado, Texas, New 

 Mexico, and Arizona; beutenmuelleri is typical in Utah but a very closely allied form, hardly worthy of varietal rank, is 

 found along the Pacific Coast from southern California to Salem, Oregon. 



Catocala violenta Hy. Edwards 



Plate III, figs. 3 and 4; PL XXII, fig. 11. 



Catocala violenta Hy. Edwards, 1880, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, III, p. 58. Betjtenmuller, 1903, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XIX, 



p. 507; 1907, idem., XXIII, p. 147. 

 Catocala chiricahua Poling, 1901, Can. Ent., XXXIII, p. 127. 



This species is larger than verrilliana and has more brilliantly colored secondaries, the orange tinge of verrilliana being 

 replaced by bright carmine; the t. p. line is also considerably more dentate. The female (PI. Ill, fig. 4), which is more 

 contrastingly marked than the male, has been described by Poling as chiricahua, the type being in the Barnes Collection. 



The early stages are unknown and the species has been recorded only from southern Colorado (type locality), New 

 Mexico (Snow, Trans. Kan. Acad. Sci., VIII, p. 38), and Arizona; in this latter state it is fairly plentiful in the moun- 

 tain canyons. 



