BARNES AND McDUNNOUGH: CATOCALA 23 



of the pale lilac-gray coloration of primaries which is characteristic of this species; ordinarily, the t. a. line is even more 

 dentate than in the figure, the tooth above the inner margin being very prominent; the black dash in inedian area below 

 the subreniform is not constant. 



Figure 14 of plate V is listed by Beutenmiiller as a dark form of calif ornica from Cartwright, Manitoba. We have seen 

 nothing from this locality which agrees with this figure; it is certainly not calif ornica as we have identified it but might 

 possibly be referred tentatively to alius a. Even so, the locality is strange and leaves some doubt in our mind as to the 

 authenticity of the label. 



Of the early stages of this species nothing is known and until they have been worked out the relationships with other 

 allied forms will not be fully known. , 



The range of the species is from Vancouver Island, British Columbia, southward through Washington and Oregon 

 and down the Sierras into central California. We took the species at moderate elevation in Siskiyou County and have 

 several specimens before us from the vicinity of Truckee. The record of Colorado given by Beutenmiiller from specimens 

 in the Doll Collection needs verification; our own experience of the labelling of the noctuids in this collection is that it is 

 not at all accurate. 



Catocala faustina Strecker 



Plate V, figs. 16-20; PI. XX, figs. 11 and 12 (claspers). 



Catocala faustina Strecker, 1873, Lep. Rhop. Het., p. 21, PI. in, fig. 8. Barnes and McDunnotjgh, 1918, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. 



Hist., XXXVIII, p. 160. 

 Catocala faustina var. zillah Strecker, 1878, Lep. Rhop. Het., March, p. 129. 

 Catocala faustina var. carlota Beutenmuller, 1897,*Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., IX, p. 212, fig. 1. 

 Catocala faustina var. lydia Beutenmuller, 1907, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXIII, p. 939. 

 Catocala cwrulea Beutenmuller, 1907, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXIII, p. 939. 



This species shows great variability in the coloration and maculation of the primaries and probably tends to form 

 local races. The typical form is fairly well represented on plate V, figure 16, although the color of primaries is possibly 

 rather too deep, the ground tint being usually of a pale blue-gray or a light ochreous gray; Holland's figure (PI. xxxiii, 

 fig. 3) well represents this latter form. Zillah Strecker was described as a form in which considerable pinkish suffusion is 

 intermingled with the gray of the primaries; the author neglected to state that his type also showed a blackish streak 

 running through the submedian fold and we believe it would be well to restrict the name to such forms, as the amount 

 of pink is very variable and occurs in specimens with and without this basal streak. Figure 17 represents the form well; 

 it occurs together with the typical one. A form with heavy black suffusion over the greater part of the primaries has been 

 called lydia by Beutenmuller and the type is figured on figure 18; this also occurs together with typical faustina but not 

 so commonly as zillah. Carulea Beutenmuller of which figure 19 is a representation of the type, is probably a race found 

 in Oregon and extending into southern British Columbia; it was described as a good species and differs horn faustina in 

 the deep blue-gray color of the primaries ; we have been unable to match it with any of our material. Carlota Beutenmuller 

 (Fig. 20) is apparently a mere aberrational female, possibly not even of faustina; it was described from a single female from 

 Lake Tahoe, California, and no other specimens are known; we have specimens from Utah which approach it but are not 

 nearly so extreme. 



The species has been generally confused with verecunda but is somewhat smaller and narrower winged; specimens 

 with considerable ruddy suffusion are easily identified, since verecunda shows practically none of this coloration. We 

 would call attention to the peculiar scale formation found in the reniform and beyond the t, p. line, the scales being placed 

 so as to give an appearance of distinct minute vertical ribbing; this is generally quite well marked in faustina but scarcely 

 at all noticeable in verecunda forms and has served very satisfactorily in many instances to separate faustina from its 

 allies. The same scaling is found in briseis and its races, which, however, are not so liable to be confused with faustina. 



The larval history, especially the last two stages, clearly proves that faustina is specifically distinct. We regret that 

 we are unable to give a figure of the mature larva, but our efforts to breed the species were successful only after the plates 

 had been completed; we have noted the main points of distinction in our article on the life-history. 



The species is typically a Rocky Mountain form, occurring west of the divide and being particularly common in 

 Utah; records from the East are most certainly erroneous and based on misidentifications. In the Sierras we find the 

 species common in the Lake Tahoe region, the specimens being rather smaller than Utah ones; it probably extends along 



