BARNES AND McDUNNOUGH: CATOCALA 19 



Vancouver Island (J875, Pac. Coast Lep. No. 14, p. 8) but this record needs verification; it is not included in the List 

 of the British Columbia Entomological Society. The type locality is Searsville, California, a place we have been unable 

 to find on the map but probably in either Napa or Marin Counties, to judge by Hy. Edwards' remarks in the article above 

 cited. 



Group IX 



Egg small, hemispherical, faintly ribbed. Larva smooth, without a wart on the fifth abdominal segment; lateral 

 filaments present but obsolescent. Male claspers almost symmetrical, with apex rather blunt. 



The nearest relative of the single North American species, cerogama, included in this group is apparently lara from 

 Siberia and Japan. The larva is quite primitive in its type of maculation and is almost without filaments; the peculiar 

 enlargement of tubercles II on the eighth abdominal segment to form short dorsal horns is quite characteristic and tends 

 to remind one of the larva? of palceogama and aholibah. The male claspers are almost symmetrical but the left clasper 

 shows a peculiar raised bunch of tooth-like prominences near the base of the harpe. The food-plant of the larva is Tilia. 



Catocala cerogama Guenee 



Plate VI, fig. 1; PL XIX, figs. 21 and 22 (claspers). 



Catocala cerogama Guenee, 1852, Hist. Nat. Spec. Gen. Lep., VII, p. 96. Rowley and Berry, 1909, Ent. News, XX, p. 17 (ovum); 



1910, Ent. News, XXI, p. 105 (larva). 

 Catocala cerogama var. bunkeri Grote, 1876, Can. Ent., VIII, p. 230. 

 Catocala cerogama var. aurella Fischer, 1885, Can. Ent., XVII, p. 133. 

 Catocala cerogama var. eliza Fischer, 1885, Can. Ent., XVII, p. 134. 



The maculation of the secondaries easily distinguishes this species from the other yellow-winged ones. Several 

 aberrational forms have received names. Bunkeri Grote is characterized as having "the band on secondaries extremely 

 narrow and the yellow basal shade entirely lost. On the fore wings the median space is deeply brown tinted." Aurella, 

 to judge by the description, is a form with a bright yellow and clearly defined basal area on secondaries and eliza has promi- 

 nent white shading on the costa before the reniform, at the apex of the wing, and on the inner margin below the 

 subrenif orm. We have been unable to give a figure of the larva, the only material before us being a very poorly inflated 

 specimen. 



The species is distinctly northern in its distribution; it is common in Ontario and Quebec, extending south through the 

 New England States to Virginia and west through the Ohio Valley to Missouri; in the northern portion it ranges westward 

 into Manitoba (1917, Can. Ent., XLIX, p. 89). 



Group X 



{Catocala Schrank) 



Egg hemispherical, ribbed, the ribs branching irregularly below apex. Larva with lateral filaments and a transverse 

 wart on the fifth abdominal segment. Male claspers somewhat asymmetrical, apex of left clasper being pointed and 

 extending well beyond the thinly chitinized ventral area. 



We have included, for the sake of convenience, relicta and marmot ata in this group. In the former species the claspers 

 are practically symmetrical, the apices rounded, and the harpe is narrowly triangular, but both egg and larva show great 

 affinity to those of the other members of the group; in marmorata the claspers and their armature point to quite a distinct 

 form but nothing is known of the early stages, so we place the species provisionally in this group. The larvae, as far as is 

 known, are willow- and poplar-feeders and have normally four molts, relicta varying in having five. 



This group is the most extensive in the genus, including a large number of our western forms which are apparently 

 of quite recent origin and still in a rather unstable condition, as is shown by the great tendency to form local races and the 

 variability in the color and maculation of the primaries, often making it extremely difficult to place single specimens 

 correctly. The similarity of the male genitalia and their tendency to slight variation within the species render these 

 useless as a means of specific differentiation and give further proof of the recent origin of the group. 



