18 BARNES AND McDUNNOTJGH: CATOCALA 



Catocala ilia (Cramer) 



Plate VI, figs. 4-7; PI. X, fig. 26 (larval head); PL XII, fig. 9 (larva); PI. XIX, figs. 23 and 24 (claspers). 



Noctua ilia Cramer, 1775, Pap. Exot., I, p. 53, PI. xxxm, figs. B and C. French, 1884, Can. Ent., XVI, p. 12 (larva). Beutenmuller, 



1907, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXIII, p. 149. 

 Catocala uxor Guenee, 1852, (nee Hiibner, 1802) Hist. Nat. Spec. Gen. Lep., VII, p. 92. 

 Catocala ilia var. obsoleta Worthington, 1883, Papilio, III, p. 40. 

 Catocala ilia var. umbrosa Worthington, 1883, Papilio, III, p. 41. 

 Catocala ilia var. decorata Worthington, 1883, Papilio, III, p. 41. 

 Catocala ilia var. confusa Worthington, 1883, Papilio, III, p. 41. 



Catocala ilia var. conspicua Worthington, 1883, Papilio, III, p. 40. Beutenmuller, 1907, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXIII, p. 150. 

 Catocala ilia var. duplicata Worthington, 1883, Papilio, III, p. 40. 

 Catocala ilia var. albomacula Butler, 1892, Entomol., XXV, p. 284. 

 Catocala ilia var. normani Bartsch, 1916, The Lepidopterist I, p. 3, PI. i. 



This common species is very variable in the coloration of the reniform and the surrounding area and Worthington 

 has given names to almost all the forms which occur, his types now being in the Barnes Collection. The typical form, 

 according to Cramer's figure, has the reniform dark but ringed with white, the subrenif orm white, and the ordinary cross- 

 lines partially marked with white much as in decorata Worthington. Holland's figure (PL xxxiv, fig. 7), under the name 

 osculata Hulst, is fairly typical of ilia. The most conspicuous form is that with the solid white reniform (PL VI, fig. 7), 

 which for a long while has gone under the name uxor Guenee but, as this name is preoccupied by uxor Hiibner, the name 

 conspicua Worthington must be used. Figure 4 is taken from a small Newfoundland specimen and represents the dark 

 unicolorous form umbrosa Worthington; figure 5, with the subrenif orm better defined, is confusa Worthington; and figure 

 6 is close to duplicata Worthington, which typically has the subrenif orm, as well as the reniform, entirely white; obsoleta 

 Worthington is similar to the typical form but without the white subreniform; normani Bartsch is suffused with brown in 

 the median area. 



The larva has been described several times; the description of the early stages by Prof. French is very accurate and 

 is confirmed by our own observations; Rowley records (1909, Ent. News, XX, pp. 128 and 129) five larval molts, but this 

 is erroneous; there are only four. The larval figure given by Beutenmuller (PL XII, fig. 9) is poor, as the larva is repre- 

 sented with altogether too smooth an appearance; in reality it is quite rough, each segment showing dorsal and lateral 

 protuberances somewhat similar to those found in neogama larvae but more pronounced; it is practically identical with 

 the larva of zoe which Mr. Prince has excellently reproduced on plate XIV, figure 5. 



The species ranges over the whole eastern half of the United States, extending from Texas and Florida northward to 

 Newfoundland, Quebec, Ontario, and Minnesota. It is one of the earliest species on the wing; we personally have taken 

 the imago in Florida in late April and in Illinois it is generally abundant in June and July. 



Catocala zoe Behr 



Plate VI, figs. 8 and 9; PL XIV, fig. 5 (larva); PL XV, fig. 10 (larval head); PL XV, fig. 42, and PL XVI, fig. 10 (segments). 



Catocala zoe Behr, 1870, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, III, p. 24. Barnes and McDtjnnough, 1913, Psyche, XX, p. 189 (larva). 

 Catocala ilia var. osculata Hulst, 1884, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, VII, p. 43. 

 Catocala reiffi Cassino, 1917, The Lepidopterist, I, p. 62, PI. iv. 



This species has generally been treated as the western race of ilia but we see no reason for not considering it a good 

 species. It is distinguished by its paler-colored secondaries, which are salmon-colored or orange, and the grayer tone of the 

 primaries, which lack the velvety tinge of ilia and have a smaller reniform and more evenly dentate t. p. line; we have 

 seen none of the variability in coloration of the reniform and surrounding areas so commonly met with in ilia. Hulst 

 applied the name osculata to a form with yellow secondaries; Holland's figure under this name should be referred to ilia, 

 as already noted. Reiffi, recently described as a new species by Mr. S. Cassino, seems, as far as can be judged from the 

 figure, to be merely a small form of zoe; the author places it next to zoe but neglects to state any point of maculation 

 whereby it may be separated from this species. 



The larva is extremely close to that of ilia, so close as to render it optional whether zoe be treated as a race of ilia 

 or as a good species. 



The range of zoe is from Colorado, west of the divide, southward into Arizona and westward into California; in the 

 north it is recorded from Cartwright, Manitoba (1917, Can. Ent. XLIX, p. 89) and Henry Edwards mentions it from 



