BUCEROS SILVESTRIS. 



JAVAN EHINOCEEOS HOBNBILL. 



Le Calao a casque en croissant, Levaill. Ois. d'Amer. (1801) pi. 13. 



Buceros semilunaris, Wilkes ? Ency. Lond. (1808) vol. iii. p. 479. 



Crescent Hornbill, Shaw, Gen. Zool. (1812) vol. viii. p. 7. 



Buceros silvestris, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat. (1816) vol. iv. p. 592; Less. Trait. Ornith. (1831) p. 256. sp. 14. 



Buceros diadematus, Dumont, Diet. Sc. Nat. (1817) vol. vi. p. 203. 



Buceros niger, Ersch u. Grub. Ency. (1824) p. 286. 



Buceros lunatus, Temm. Plan. Col. (1830) no. 546; Bon. Consp. Gen. Av. (1850) p. 90. sp. 6; id. Consp. Vol. 



Anisod. (1854) p. 2; Cab. & Heine, Mus. Hein. (1860) Th. ii. p. 175, no. 480; Gray, Hand-1. B. (1870) pt. ii- 



p. 127. sp. 7869. 

 Buceros rhinoceros, var. djavanica*, Mull. & Schleg. Verb. Gescbied. Neder. Ind. (1839-44) p. 22. 

 Buceros rhinoceros lunatus, Schleg. Mus. Pays-B. (1862) p. 5. 



Hab. Java. 



This bird, possessing a very differently shaped casque from that of B. rhinoceros, and being 

 restricted to one island, where it is the only representative of the genus, may perhaps, with some 

 propriety, be regarded as a distinct species. It was named as long ago as 1808, in the 

 ' Encyclopaedia Londinensis, 5 from plate 13 of Levaillant's ' Oiseaux Eares de l'Amerique et de 

 l'lnde,' and called B. semilunaris, but, unfortunately, without any author's name attached ; and 

 therefore the appellation bestowed by Vieillot (I. c.) in 1816 is the one that has priority over all 

 others. Temminck, as in many other instances, disregarded the names already given to the 

 bird, or was ignorant of them, and redescribed it, in the ' Planches Coloriees,' as B. lunatus ; 

 and many ornithologists have adopted this appellation. It will, however, be obliged to give way 

 and become a synonym of the one given by Vieillot. We know very little of this bird in its 

 native haunts. It has at various times been an inmate of different zoological gardens, but is 

 much more seldom seen, even in collections, than the species from Sumatra and the Malayan 

 peninsula. 









The male has the bill white, with the base of both maxilla and mandible black, edged with 

 deep red anteriorly. The casque, in the shape of which the main difference between this species 

 and B. rhinoceros lies, is straight, without any upward turn at the point, rising from the posterior 

 part of the culmen just above the eyes, and extending nearly two thirds the length of the maxilla: 



only. 



This synonym was inadvertently published with those of B. rhinoceros. It properly belongs to this species 





