In Cliota Nagpur tliis species, according to Mr. Ball, affects certain localities, where it may 

 generally be fonnd in flocks of from six to ten individnals. He shot it in Manbhum, Singhbhum, 

 and Sirguja, and also in the jnngle on the road from the Ranchi plateau to Purula. He also shot 

 at Lobloi, near Lanigarh, in the south of the Division, a specimen of the allied species, A. mala- 

 baricus, which formed one of a small party in a grove of mango trees ; and in the same country he 

 met with the present species, the limits of the two evidently overlapping. He states that the iris 

 is orange-maroon, while Jerdon says it is crimson in the adult, brown in the young bird. 



Some authors have used for this bird and its allies the generic term Hydrocissa, proposed 

 by Bonaparte in his ' Conspectus Avium' for various species not nearly related beyond the fact 

 that they belong to the same Eamily, among which the present one is included. I have not 

 adopted this term, for the following reasons. Reichenbach proposed, in 1849 (of which date I 

 believe there is no doubt), in his ' Syst. Nat. Av.,' the terms Anthracoceros (citing alone the B. 

 malabaricus, Gmel., as its type) and Anorrhinus (with the B. galeritus, Temm., as its type), and 

 gave drawings of those characters in each considered by him generic. Although the portion 

 of Bonaparte's ' Conspectus Avium ' containing the Hornbills is dated 1849, I am unable to ascer- 

 tain whether it appeared in that year separately, or with the rest of the first volume, which has its 

 preface dated April 1850. In any event, on the score of priority, Bonaparte has no advantage over 

 Reichenbach. The genus Hydrocissa, Bon., of which no definition whatever is given, is made to 

 include such species as coronatus, Bodd. (called monoceros, Shaw), galeritus, Temm., malayanus, 

 Raffl., and exarhatus, Temm. The other two, called pica, Scopoli, and violaceus, Shaw, are syno- 

 nyms of coronatus, Bodd. The Anthracoceros, Reich., with coronatus as its type, would naturally 

 include also the B. malayanus, Raffl. ; and the B. galeritus, Temm., is appropriated by Anorrhinus, 

 Reich. There is thus left of Bonaparte's species only the B. exarhatus, Temm., to represent his 

 genus Hydrocissa. 



Male. — Bill curved, yellowish- white, base black, extending forward on the mandible. A large 

 laterally compressed casque rises from base of maxilla, extends backwards over the head, and then 

 curves forward for two thirds the length of maxilla, and returns by an acute angle to the culmen. 

 A large patch of black covers the anterior three fourths of the casque, but never reaches the maxilla. 

 In some specimens this patch is only a broad irregular black band. The posterior terminus is also 

 black. Head covered by a loose, rather long crest, and, together with the neck, breast, and wings, 

 black. Underparts and tips of primaries and secondaries white. Tail pure white, with the ex- 

 ception of the central pair, which are black. Naked skin on throat pale flesh-colour ; iris crimson, 

 brown in the young ; feet dark grey. 



Total length 3 feet, wing 13 inches, tail 14, bill along gape 7, casque 6, height of bill and 

 casque 4. 



Female same as male, but smaller. No black on posterior terminus of casque. 



Specimens described and figured are in my own collection, and in the Paris Museum. The 

 individual represented with the very large and black casque may be regarded as perhaps rather 

 exceptional, as the majority of specimens have casques more like the others figured in the plate. 

 This black-casque example is in the Paris Museum. 





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