PENELOPIDES MANILLA. 



MANILLA HOKNBILL. 



Manilla Hornbill, Lath. Gen. Syn. (1781) vol. i. p. 354. sp. 9. 



Calao de Manille, Buff. PI. Enlum. (1783) no. 891 (juv. <J). 



Buceros manilla, Bodd. Tab. PI. Enlum. D'Aubent. (1783) p. 54. 



Buceros manillensis, Gmel. edit. Linn. Syst. Nat. (1788) vol. i. p. 361; Lath. Ind. Ornith. (1790) vol. i. p. 145; 



Dumont, Diet. Sc. Nat. (1817) vol. vi. p. 208. 

 Le Calao a bee cisele, Levaill. Ois. d'Amer. (1801) pi. 18 (juv. <?). 



Buceros manillensis, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat. (1816) vol. iv. p. 596; id. Enc. Method. (1823) p. 305. 

 Buceros sulcirostris, Wagl. Syst. Av. (1827) sp. 13 (<j $ ). 

 Tockus sulcirostris, Bon. Consp. Gen. Av. (1850) p. 91. sp. 5. 

 Penelopides sulcirostris, Bon. Consp. Vol. Anisod. (1854) p. 3. 

 Buceros panayensis, Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, (1862) p. 11. 

 Buceros {Penelopides) panini, v. Martens, Journ. fur Ornith. (1866) p. 18. 

 Penelopides manilla, Wald. Trans. Zool. Soc. (1875) vol. ix. p. 168; id. Proc. Zool. Soc. (1877) p. 692. sp. 25. 



Hab. Philippines, Luzon (Everett). 



The present bird and the P. panini have been continually confounded together by all 

 writers on ornithology up to a very late date. It was supposed that there was but a single 

 species in the Philippine Islands ; and the synonymy was all placed under one head. But the 

 fact is, there are two forms which are very distinct, similar somewhat in the plumage of the body, 

 but with the tails very differently coloured, so that they may be recognized at once. These 

 well-marked tail-feathers are common to both sexes, so that the females can be readily assigned 

 to their proper males. The present species was first described by Boddaert, from Buffon's plate 

 of the Calao de Manille, representing a young bird. The term sulcirostris was afterwards 

 applied to it by "Wagler and Bonaparte. It is still a rare species, but few museums possessing 

 examples. The figures in the accompanying Plate were drawn from specimens kindly loaned 

 to me by Lord Tweeddale from his collection. 



Male. — Bill. A low crest, much compressed on the sides anteriorly, rises at base of culmen, 

 follows the curve of the maxilla for about two thirds its length, and terminates abruptly at a right 

 angle to the culmen. The basal half of the maxilla is covered with a jet-black plate, with ^ye 

 shallow transverse orange-yellow grooves. The mandible has a similar plate ; but the grooves are 

 narrower and deeper, and cross the plate diagonally. The remaining portion of the bill and the 

 casque are dark brown. Bare space around the eye, at base of mandible, and upper part of throat 



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