LOPHOCEROS BIROSTRIS 



GINGI HOBNBILL, 



Calao de Gingi, Sonn. Voy. aux Ind. (1782) p. 214. pi. 120; Le Vaill. Ois. Amer. (1801) pi. 15. 



Buceros birostris, Scopoli, Delic. Flor. et Faun. Insub. (1786) p. 87. sp. 31. 



Gingi Hombill, Lath. Gen. Syn. (1787) p. 71. 



Buceros ginginianus, Lath. Ind. Ornith. (1790) vol. i. p. 146. sp. 13; Shaw, Gen. Zool. (1811) vol. viii. p. 36; Vieill. 



Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat. (1816) vol. iv. p. 594; Dumont, Diet. Sc. Nat. (1817) vol. vi. p. 207; Vieill. Ency. 



Meth. (1823) vol. i. p. 306; Temm. Plan. Col. (1824) vol. ii. sp. 13 (text) ; Ersch n. Griib/Ency. (1824) 



p. 285 ; Less. Trait. Ornith. (1831) p. 253. sp. 5 ; Blyth, Jonrn. Asiat. Soc. Beng. (1843) vol. xii. pt. ii. p. 996 ; 



Gray, Gen. Birds (1849) vol. ii. p. 400. sp. 27; Schleg. Mus. Pays-B. (1862) p. 11. 

 Buceros oxyurus, Wagl. Syst. Av. (1827) p. 14. 

 Buceros cinerascens, Hodg. Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 85 (1844). 

 Buceros birostris, Blyth, Jonrn. Asiat. Soc. Beng. (1847) vol. xvi. p. 995 ; id. Cat. B. Mns. Asiat. Soc. (1849) p. 44. 



sp. 183. 

 To ckus ginginianus, Bon. Consp. Gen. Av. (1850) p. 91. sp. 2. 



Meniceros ginginianus, Bon. Consp. Vol. Anisod. (1854) p. 3. gen. 13. sp. 34 ; Ball, Str. Eeath. p. 388 (1874) . 

 Tockus bicornis, Horsf. & Moore, Cat. Birds Mus. E.-Ind. Co. (1856-8) vol. ii. p. 597. sp. 881. 

 Penelopides ginginianus, Cab. & Heine, Mus. Hein. (1860) Th. ii. p. 169. no. 466. 

 Meniceros bicornis, Jerd. B. Ind. (1862) vol. i. p. 248. sp. 144; Blyth, Ibis (1866) p. 350; Home, Proc. Zool. Soc. 



(1869) p.. 241 ; Marshall, Str. Feath. vol. iii. (1875) p. 331 ; Butl. Str. Feath. (1877) vol. v. p. 218. 

 Ocycer os ginginianus, Hume, Nests and Eggs of Indian Birds, (1873) pt. i. p. 113. 



Chakotra, Hindostanee; Puttial dhanes in Bengal; Dhamuar or Lamdar in Upper Provinces ; Rundu-mukala 

 guwa, Tel. (i. e. Two-billed Pigeon) ; Manumukala kaka (i. e. Three-billed Crow), Tarn.; Selagitti&t Sangor (Jerdon 



Hab. India generally, not Assam, never on the eastern side of the Bay of Bengal, tolerably common in the 

 tank country north of Ahmedabad (Butler). 



This is the species generally known as Buceros ginginianus of Latham ; but it was described 

 previous to that author by Scopoli, who conferred the term birostris upon it, which is the one it 

 must bear. It is the second species of the genus Zophoceros, distinguished by the pointed casque, 

 and is common throughout India, but never goes to the eastern side of the Bay of Bengal. The 

 following short extract from Jerdon's < Birds of India' gives a very fair idea of the distribution of 

 the species, and its mode of life : — 



" This small Hornhill is spread throughout all India in well-wooded districts, but does not 

 appear to extend into Assam, nor into any of the countries to the eastward. It is not found in 

 thick forests, and is almost unknown in the woods of Malabar, but frequents open and thick forest- 



