on the east to Damaraland on the west. Sundevall gives it as a native of Caffraria ; Layard says 

 he had not heard of it there, hut had received it in considerable numbers from the Zambesi; 

 Kirk states that the native name for "this species is "Kope," and that they are common in all 

 woodland districts, feed on fruit and insects, and breed in hollow trees. Andersson, in his 

 6 Notes on the Birds of Damara Land,' edited by Mr. Gurney, speaks of the differences observable 

 in the plumage of this species from separate localities, for one of which Sundevall proposed a 

 specific name. 



He says " This species is common in Ondonga, at Okovango River, and for some distance to 

 the south of that stream ; and I have also obtained specimens from Lake Ngami. I have also met 

 with it in Damara Land proper, at Objimbinque and Schmelen's Hope ; but specimens from these 

 two last-named localities differ considerably from those found in more northern parts. Thus in the 

 former the whole of the underparts, the forehead, a broad band under the eyes continued down 

 the sides of the neck, the ears, cheeks, chin, and throat are of a uniform silky white ; whilst in the 

 more northern bird the colour of these parts, as well as of the breast, is mingled with blackish grey, 

 and there is also less white about the wings and tail. This Hornbill is frequently seen 

 searching for food upon the ground ; and the way in which it swallows some kinds of food is 

 peculiar, raising its head and pitching the morsel into the air, receiving it again into its bill, 

 and repeating the process several times, perhaps with the object of softening the food or reducing 

 it to a pulp." 



It is difficult to say what causes the variation in the plumage spoken of by the author in the 

 specimens from Objimbinque and Schmelen's Hope. I have examined examples from both these 

 localities, and do not consider that I should be justified in recognizing two species of them. Prof. 

 Sundevall has regarded the bird with grey cheeks as the Caffrarian race, and proposed the term 

 rufirostris for it ; I have not adopted his name, as it does not appear to me to be necessary to make 

 a specific distinction between the forms. The late M. Jules P. Yerreaux, as quoted by Mr. Gurney, 

 considered that there is only one species, and that the pure white cheeks are assumed only in the 

 nuptial season. This is very possibly the fact. 



In 1828 Ehrenberg proposed the term AZophius, as a subgenus, for this species. But in 1826 

 Schonherr gave the same name to a genus of Coleoptera; and as this has been generally employed 

 in Entomology, it cannot be adopted for this bird and its allies. 



Adult. — Bill curved, "no casque, maxilla deep red, much compressed laterally along the culmen. 

 The mandible for two thirds its length from the base is very dark red, almost black, remainder like 

 the maxilla. Upper part of head and neck leaden-grey. A white superciliary stripe extends along 

 the side of the head and down the neck. Cheeks and neck beneath the white band leaden-grey 

 mingled with white ; in some specimens these parts are pure silky white. Wings blackish brown, 

 each feather broadly tipped with white. Innermost secondaries light brown, next two blackish, 

 broadly tipped and marked with white ; remainder black margined with white. Primaries black, 

 first two spotted midway with white on inner web, next four on both webs, remainder uniform 

 black. Entire underparts pure white. The tail has the two median feathers brownish black, next 



LJ 



