. Lecture 13, July 30, 1900. 

 ReTorndunt.inr]. 



A. Vegetative . 



Most primitive and most important kind of reproduction ecologi- 

 cally. Many Algae depend entirely upon this. In liverworts and 

 mosses we find gemmae ; also almost any part of thallus or plant. 

 Protoneraa of mosses very wonderful since a great clump roay grow from 

 a protoneraa which is produced Try a single spo-e-in ferns many plants 

 from a single spore. In higher plants as Elodea. One individual 

 plant was taken to Europe, either a pistillate or staminate, and now 

 all the rivers of northern Europe contain it. Water-hyacinth in 

 St. John's River, Florida, Duckweed. 



B. Grjeciali?:ed reT3ror]ur:t ivp organs . 



■ A sexual spores in Algae, Ilosses and Liverworts and Ferns. 

 Flower and Seed. A flower is a collection of organs modified for 

 ..purposes of reproduction. Pistils and stamens, real reproductive 

 organs. To prevent self-fert ill .-nation, we have 



1. Proterandry and proterogyny. 



2. Imperfect flowers. 



3. Stigma ahove stamens. 



4. Pollen impotent on its own pistil. 



Clffiistogamous flowers — violet. It may be the flower has become too 

 specialized for Insect fertilization. In Cruciferae many cases of 

 self-pollination are found. V/illows— insect-pollinated. 



^Poplars ^wind-^uollinated. 



