170 The Sugar-Beet in America 
tained at a moderate price, alfalfa, grain, and pulp put 
a fine finish on stock; but thousands of animals are fat- 
tened without the grain, especially where it is high priced. 
By varying the amount of pulp in proportion to other 
feeds, it is possible to make excellent rations for fattening 
animals, producing growth and milk, preparing for 
maternity, and for merely wintering the animals cheaply 
without their losing weight. The combination of feeds 
and the amount of each is altered according to the pur- 
pose. Likewise, the value of the pulp to the feeder is 
determined by the object of the feeding, the character 
and amount of supplementary feed, the condition of 
the animals to be fed, and the value of the finished 
product. 
Being close to the great stock ranges, the western beet- 
sugar companies are able to make good use of pulp. With 
rations made up largely of the siloed pulp and alfalfa hay, 
thousands of steers are fattened annually on these feeds. 
The stock fresh from the ranges are at first fed largely on 
alfalfa hay with only a comparatively small amount of 
pulp. This is increased gradually until the daily ration 
consists of about fifteen pounds of alfalfa and one hun- 
dred pounds of siloed pulp. When fed alone, pulp is a 
poorly balanced feed which will endanger the lives of the 
animals, and will not fatten stock that are in poor con- 
dition. Grain and some roughage must supplement it. 
The best feeders begin with alfalfa hay and a small 
amount of pulp, increasing the pulp until the full ration 
is given, then toward the close of the feeding period a 
small quantity of grain is added. Where grain can be 
fed economically, the amount used is gradually increased 
