By-Products 171 
and the pulp decreased until the grain entirely supplants 
the pulp for a short period just before the steers are put 
on the market. In spite of the economy of feeding grain, 
thousands of steers are placed on the market without it. 
The Colorado Station,! in a one-hundred-day period, 
found that if the steers were in poor condition when the 
fattening period commenced, adding about half of an 
ordinary ration of corn to the pulp and alfalfa hay caused 
Fic. 27. — Pulp being piped from factory to silo. 
the steers to gain nearly half as much again as without 
the grain. With the same type of animals, the gain was 
about three-fourths greater when grain and pulp were 
fed than when only hay was used. The animals fed on 
pulp were also more thrifty than those not receiving it. 
For two-year-old fattening steers, nine pounds of wet 
pulp was equal to 2.8 pounds of alfalfa hay or to one pound 
of ground corn. In computing the amount of pulp neces- 
sary for steer fattening, stock-men consider one and one- 
half tons of pulp a month to be sufficient for each steer. 
From four to seven tons of wet pulp and one ton of alfalfa, 
1 Carlyle, W. L., and Griffith, C. J., Colo. Exp. Sta., Bul. No. 102, 
