172 The Sugar-Beet in America 
together with the supplementary feeds, if any is used, 
will finish one steer for the market. About forty-one 
pounds of beef is produced from a ton of pulp under 
average conditions. The daily amount fed is about 6 to 
10 per cent of the weight of the animal. Figure 27 shows a 
method of transporting sugar-beet pulp. Other methods 
are illustrated in Plate XIX. 
For wintering steers, the amount of pulp fed is often 
greater and the roughage may be straw instead of hay. 
Cattle will come out of the winter in fair condition on 
pulp and oat straw ; but they are not so thrifty and do not 
make the growth they should without a little nitrogenous 
food such as alfalfa hay or grain. Dried pulp is gen- 
erally considered too expensive to feed to steers, although 
at some periods it has been found to be about equal to corn- 
meal for fattening them and is somewhat cheaper.1 At 
Michigan it was ascertained that dried pulp tended to 
produce growth rather than fat; hence, it is recom- 
mended that it be fed during the early part of the feed- 
ing period and dropped from the ration later. From three 
to five pounds of the dried pulp a day is a common amount, 
although some feeders allow as much as ten to fifteen 
pounds to the animal. 
Used in moderate quantities, pulp is desirable for dairy 
cattle. Mulch cows need considerable nourishing feed, 
but they will not eat enough to bring best results when 
they receive only dry feed. The stimulating effect of a 
succulent feed such as corn silage is well recognized. The 
dry matter in wet beet pulp is equal to that in corn silage 
1 Shaw, R. S., and Norton, H. W., Jr., Mich. Exp. Sta., Buls. 
Nos. 220 and 247. 
