By-Products 179 
ing in the western states. Many factories must raise 
stock as a side line in order to make a satisfactory disposal 
of pulp and molasses. Some of the larger feeders chop 
alfalfa hay or straw and sprinkle molasses over it with 
satisfactory results. About twenty pounds of molasses 
to each one hundred pounds of straw is a common pro- 
portion. Molasses increases the appetites of stock, re- 
sulting in their eating more feed at a time; fattening is 
thereby hastened. 
The Great Western Sugar Company, in experiments on 
a large scale in which they used ordinary range cattle, 
found that for each one hundred pounds gain it required 
about 7500 pounds of pulp, 240 pounds of molasses, 760 
pounds of alfalfa hay, and 90 pounds of grain. It is 
usually aimed to feed three to four pounds of molasses a 
day along with the other feeds, although some give larger 
quantities. A ration recommended for a hundred fifty 
day feeding period with steers in ordinary condition is 
one ton of alfalfa, 400 pounds of molasses, 500 pounds of 
grain, one-half acre of beet tops, and one-fourth acre of 
oat straw. Steers on this ration made a gain of about 
1.7 pounds a head each day and were marketed in the 
best of condition. 
Without concentrates, it takes a little longer to get 
steers in good marketable condition; the flesh is not so 
firm, neither will the stock stand shipping so well with- 
out a great shrinkage; but practically the same total 
gain is obtained from feeding a ton of alfalfa, five to seven 
tons of pulp, and four-tenths of an acre — or about 500 
pounds — of dry beet-top hay. With less pulp avail- 
able, molasses and grains should make up the deficiency 
