274 The Sugar-Beet in America 
In Hawaii a yield of twenty to eighty-five tons of 
cane to the acre is secured. This contains from two and 
a half to twelve tons of sugar, with an average of about 
five tons. 
EXTRACTION OF SUGAR 
The sugar is removed from beets by dissolving it from 
the cells with water in the diffusion battery ; it is removed 
from cane by crushing the stalks and squeezing out the 
juice between heavy rollers. The cane on the car in which 
it comes from the field is weighed and samples are taken 
for analysis. It is then ready for the mill. It passes 
along conveyers to the crusher, which consists of two 
large corrugated rollers which break the stalks and squeeze 
out part of the juice. The cane mat is then passed on 
through. the mill, where it passes between several sets of 
rollers which squeeze out all possible juice. 
The bagasse, or woody part of the cane, which has been 
squeezed dry, is conveyed to the engine house to be used 
as fuel. The juice, after being screened to remove the 
coarser solids held in suspension, goes to the purification 
tanks, then to the multiple evaporators, and finally to the 
crystallizing vacuum-pan, where it is usually made into 
raw sugar. Most of the raw sugar is taken to large re- 
fineries in the coast cities, where it is made into the re- 
fined sugar of commerce. 
The processes of making cane- and beet-sugar are very 
similar except in one or two stages. These processes are 
discussed in greater detail in the chapter on sugar-making. 
