BIRDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 173 



specks of the same ; interscapulars, scapulars, back, rump, and upper 

 tail coverts black, each feather narrowly tipped with white and crossed 

 by a narrow white band about 5 mm. anterior to the tip, and broadly 

 laterally edged with bright snuff brown, paling on the scapulars to 

 bright clay color; upper wing coverts dark Saccardo's umber to sepia, 

 transversely incompletely barred with white and tipped with the same ; 

 alula olive-brown, the outer webs pale huffy white ; primaries grayish 

 sepia to olive-brown ; five or six outer secondaries largely pure white, 

 the outermost two usually with their outer webs grayish sepia and only 

 the inner webs white ; innermost secondaries and long scapulars like 

 the back but the lateral edgings paler— bright cinnamon -buff ; rectrices 

 black crossed by two or three very narrow white bands and narrowly 

 laterally edged with sayal brown ; lower part of the lores, circumocular 

 area, cheeks, and auriculars deep tawny-olive mixed with blackish 

 and transversely speckled with white ; chin and upper throat light buff ; 

 sides of upper tliToat, entire lower throat and breast pale tawny-olive, 

 each feather, or at least most of them, subterminally marked with white 

 and narrowly tipped with Saccardo's umber to sepia (after these nar- 

 row tips wear off, the feathers are white-tipped) , giving these areas a 

 somewhat scalloped appearance; middle of abdomen posterior to as 

 far as the vent unmarked white with or without a slight buffy tinge ; 

 sides, flanks, and vent dark clove brown to fuscous-black, the feathers 

 crossed by a narrow white subterminal bar and tipped with the same ; 

 thighs paler — very dark hair brown barred with white ; under tail cov- 

 erts pinkish sayal brown; axillars and under wing coverts white, the 

 latter, in some cases, with a varying amount of grayish brown; iris 

 yellowish brown to reddish; bill light greenish yellow or orange- 

 yellow, dusky at tip and along the culmen in some cases; tarsi and 

 toes pale greenish or brownish flesh color. 



Adult (sexes alike) , pale phase. — Exactly like the ruf escent phase but 

 with all the tawny or brownish parts lighter — the forehead, super- 

 ciliaries pale grayish cinnamon-buff ; lower throat and breast slightly 

 paler still; lateral edges of the feathers of the upper parts grayish 

 cinnamon-buff ; sides, flanks, and vent dull bister to light clove brown. 



Jv/veTwH (sexes alike), ruf escent phase. — Similar to the adult of 

 the same phase but with no white marks on the top of the head, hind 

 neck, or upper back (occasionally a very few on the upper back), 

 the dark centers of the feathers of these parts broader, producing a 

 streaked appearance ; upper wing coverts and alula slightly paler and 

 slightly more ashy ; the margins of the inner secondaries and the long 

 scapulars paler — cinnamon-buff ; on the whole the dark centers of the 

 dorsal feathers slightly more brownish, less blackish than in adults; 

 feathers of breast and sides of throat with generally darker transverse 

 marks ; the middle of the abdomen more washed with buff, less whitish ; 



