BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 209 



Asia Minor, northern Persia, India, China, Japan, and Sakhalin; also 

 breeds in Iceland and the Azores. 



Winters throughout aU but the northern part of its breeding range, 

 and south to northwest Africa, to the Blue Nile, and to Java and 

 Celebes; occasional in Greenland, the Faroe Islands, Madeira, and the 

 Canary Islands; accidental in North America (Labrador coast-Tang- 

 naivik Island, Anaktalak Bay ; Separation Point, Sandwich Bay ; and 

 Newfoundland — Exploits Harbor). 



Type locality. — Sweden. 



. [Fulioa^ atra Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 152 (Europe) ; ed, 12, 1, 1766, 

 257.— BEiJNNicH, Orn. Bor., 1764, 58 (Norway; Cimbria).— Latham, Synop- 

 sis Birds, Suppl., i, 1787, 294; Index Orn., ii, 1780, 777, part.— Gmeun, 

 Syst. Nat., i, pt. 2, 1789, 702.— Gbat, Hand-list, iii, 1871, 67, No. 10513.— 

 Shahpe, Handlist, i, 1899, 109. 



Fulioa atra Temminck, Cat. Syst., 1807, 180; Man. d'Orn., ed. 2, 1820, 706. — 

 ViEiLLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., xiii, 1817, 48, part. — Stephens, Shaw's Gen. 

 Zool., xii, pt. i, 1824, 234, pi. 29, part.— Gould, Birds Europe, It, 1837, pi. 

 338 and text; Birds Great Britain, iv, 1862, pi. 84 and text.— Natjmann, 

 Nat. Vog. Deutsclilands, ix, 1838, 635, pi. 241.— Magillivbat, Man. Brit. Orn., 

 ii, 1842, 118; Hist. Brit. Birds, 1852, 560.— Schlbgel, Rev. Crlt., 1844, 

 p. eii; Yog. Nederl., 1854, pi. 257; Dieren Nederl., Vog., 1861, pi. 26, fig. 

 1 ; Mus. Pays-Bas, v. No. 30, livr. 7, 1865, 60, part.— Holm, Naturli. Tidsskr., 

 ser. 2, ii, 1848, 514 (Faroe Islands). — Degland and Gebbe, Orn. Europ., ii, 

 1867, 268.— Dkoste, Journ. fur Orn., xvii, 1869, 345 (Faroe Islands). — Swin- 

 HOE, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1871, 415 (China; Formosa). — Haeting, Handb. 

 Brit. Birds, 1872, 58. — Taczanowski, .lourn. fiir Orn., xxi, 1873 (e. Siberia). — 

 Beookh, Ibis, 1873, 336 (Sardinia).— Ramsay, Ibis, 1877, 472 (Tonghoo, 

 Burma). — Reinhaedt, Vid. Bledd. Nat. For., 1877-78, p. ii (Greenland). — 

 Blakiston and Prbyee, Ibis, 1878, 225 (north of Tokio, Japan). — Deesseb, 

 Birds Europe, vii, pt. 73, 1871-81, 327, pi. 504, fig. 2.— Scully, Ibis, 1881, 

 590 (Gilgit, India).— SwiNHOE, Ibis, 1882, 122 (Kandehar and Quetta, s. 

 Afghanistan).— Seebohm, Ibis, 1882, 226 (Astrackhan), 382 (Archangel, 

 n. Russia). — CorES, Check List, ed. 2, 1882, 136 (no. 885). — Saundebs, 

 ed. Tarrell's Hist. Brit. Birds, iii, 1883, 171. — ^Baibd, Beewee, and Ridgwat, 

 Water Birds North Amer., i, 1884, 398.— Mabshaix, Ibis, 1884, 424 (Chamba, 

 nw. Himalayas). — Ameeican Ornitholooists' Union, Check List, 1886, 

 and ed. 2, 1895, No. 220 ; ed. 3, 1910, 106.— Giglioh and Salvadoei, Froc. Zool. 

 Soc. London, 1887, 588 (Possietti Bay, e. Siberia; crit.). — Koenig, Journ. fiir 

 Orn., xxxviii, 1890, 424 (Canary Islands) ; xli, 1893, 88 (Tunis). — Haetwig, 

 Journ. fiir Orn., xli, 1893, ii (Madeira). — Blagg, Ibis, 1893, 355 (Shetland 

 Islands). — Shaepe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxlii, 1894, 210. — Popham, Ibis, 

 1898, 572 (Krasnoyarsk, Yenisei River, Siberia). — Slatee, Man. Birds Ice- 

 land, 1901, 81 (occasional visitor). — Haeteet, Nov. Zool., vlil, 1901, 306 

 (Canary Islands). — Pogge, Journ. fiir Orn., 1, 1902. 384 (ne. China). — Walton, 

 Ibis, 1903, 33 (Pekin, China).— Bangs, Proc. New England Zool. Club, iii, 

 1903, 95 (Liu Kiu Islands).— Jesse, Ibis, 1903, 158 (Lucknow, India; 

 habits).— Haeteet and Grant, Nov. Zool., xii, 1905, 95 (San Miguel, 

 Azores).- Cooke, U. S. Dept Agr. BuU. 128, 1914, 43 (range).— Beitish 

 Oenithologists' Union, List Brit. Birds, ed. 2, 1915, 306.— McAtee, U. S. 

 Dept. Agr. Misc. Clrc. J3, 1923, 45 (local names; range).- Geeschik, Aquila, 



