150 PHOTO-MICROGRAPHS. 
observation under the microscope, or by reference 
to the comprehensive and beautifully illustrated 
work of Kent, recently published.t 
Spores oF Funai. (Puare III. Fie. 3.) 
The oval bodies, arranged in a linear series, 
seen in Plate IL, Fig. 3, are the spores of the 
well-known blue mould, Penicillium, which is so 
often found by housekeepers upon the surface of 
their preserves, upon articles of leather left in a 
damp place, etc. These spores are the seeds of 
this microscopic fungus, and they are produced in 
immense numbers by a process which does not 
differ materially from that by which the multipli- 
cation of the Bacteria is effected —fission. In 
place, however, of simple binary division, a whole 
row of spores is formed at the same time by the 
breaking up of a filament, an off-shoot from the 
parent plant, into a chain of unicellular elements, 
—spores. Each of these cells, as in the case of 
the Bacteria and of other organisms which multi- 
ply by binary division, contains a little fragment 
of the protoplasm of the mother plant enclosed 
in a membranous enyelope. 
When one of these spores falls upon a surface 
where the conditions are favorable to its growth, it 
quickly germinates, and produces a plant like that 
from which it was derived. The necessary con- 
ditions are a nutritive substratum, a sufficient 
degree of moisture, and a proper temperature. If 
1 A Manual of the Infusoria,’”’ by W. Saville Kent, London. 
