[489] INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS OF VINEYARD SOUND, ETC. 195 
Bryozoa. 
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Aleyonidium hirsutum...... 487 | Bugula flabellata. .......... 311 
A. ‘hispidum .......2....... 487 | Membranipora pilosa...... 406 
Vesicularia gracilis......... 389 | M. lineata ..............-. 406 
¥. cusenta.........2.....86 404 | Escharella variabilis....... 312 
Vi 1USCG.. sriatrewenatdee cae 420 | Discopora coccinea........ 333 
Farrella familiaris.......... 487 | Lepralia, sp............... 420 
Tubulipora flabellaris....... 405 | Cellepora ramulosa........ 312 
Crisia eburnea............. 311 | Pedicellina Americana..... 405 
RADIATA. 
Echinoderms. 
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Strongylocentrotus Drébachi- Asterias vulgaris.......... 496 
CHISIS:s eis ase eae e ee ae ye 496 | Cribrella sanguinolenta.... 407 
Acalephs. 
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Obelia pyriformis ..-....... 390 | Sertularia pumila ......... 487 
O. geniculata .............. 487 | S. argentea .-........... . 408 
O. flabellata...........-..-- 390 | Pennaria tiarella.......... 327 
O. diaphana........-...-.-. 827 | Clava leptostyla...... tous 328 
Campanularia flexuosa...... 327 | Hydractinia polyclina. .--. 228 
Polyps. 
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Metridium marginatum...... 329 | Sagartia leucolena......... 329 | 
IV. 2._SPECIES JNHABITING THE SANDY SHORES OF THE OPEN COAST. 
Owing to the force of the waves the sand and gravel of the exposed 
shores are kept in constant motion in stormy weather, and are often dis- 
turbed to a considerable depth, especially in winter. Therefore the con- 
ditions are very unfavorable for the existence of animal life. The fauna 
of such shores is, accordingly, very meager, as compared with that of 
the more sheltered sandy shores of the bays and sounds. 
It often happens that one may examine these sandy beaches fora mile 
or more at low-water without finding more than half a dozen species of 
animals that actually live on them, though many may be found thrown 
up by the waves from below low-water mark. 
In coves or other localities that are somewhat sheltered, the number of 
species is greater, and most of them are identical with those found on 
the sandy shores of the sounds. 
Toward high-water mark the Talorchestia longicornis (p. 386) and 7, 
