[621] INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS OF VINEYARD SOUND, ETC. 327 
branchiz are lemon-yellow or orange-yellow, without bands, but usually 
with a reddish central line; the operculum is usually yellow; collar and 
base of branchize bright yellow; body light yellow. 
Found with the preceding, and often in the same cluster of tubes. 
VERMILIA (7), species undetermined. (p. 416.) 
The species thus indicated forms slender, more or less crooked, angu- 
lar tubes, with two distinct carinations on the upper surface; they are 
about half an inch long, attached firmly by one side along their whole 
length. Thebranchie forma wreath, with about six on each side; pinne 
long and slender; two or more of the branchize bear pink, sack-like 
appendages. The branchie are reddish brown, annulated with narrow 
bands of white. , 
Diameter of tubes, about 1.25™™; of expanded branchie, 4™™. The 
specimens have been lost, and no observations were recorded concerning 
the operculum, so that the genus is still uncertain. 
Long Island Sound, off New Haven, in 4 to 6 fathoms, on shells. 
SPIRORBIS BOREALIS Daudin (?). 
Rec. des mém. de mollusques, 1800. Serpula spirorbis Linné, Systema Nature, 
ed. xii, p. 1265. (?) Spirorbis spirillum Gould, Invertebrata of Mass., ed. i, p. 8, 
1841; A. Agassiz, Annals Lyceum Nat. History of New York, vol. viii, p. 
318, Plate 7, figs. 20-25 (embryology), 1866 (not of Linné and other European 
writers). 
New Haven to Cape Cod, the Bay of Fundy, and northward; abun- 
dant on Fucus, Chondrus crispus, and other alge, at low-water mark. 
Whether this, our most common species, be identical with the Euro- 
pean species known by this name is still uncertain. 
The animals of the various species of Spirorbis are still very imper- 
fectly known, and many species have been described from the tubes 
alone. Accurate descriptions or figures of the animals are necessary 
before the species can be determined satisfactorily. 
This species has nine branchie, five on one side and four on the other, 
with the operculum. The branchize are large and broad with long pinne, 
the basal ones shorter, the distal ones increasing in length to near the 
end, so that each branchial plume is somewhat obovate in outline; the 
tips are naked only for a short distance. The branchial wreath, in full 
expansion, isabout as broad as theentire shell. The operculumis oblique 
and one-sided, and supported on a long clavate pedicel, which is trans- 
versely wrinkled, and expands gradually into the operculum at the end, 
the enlargement being chiefly on one side; the outer surface is roughly 
granulous and usually covered with adhering dirt. The collar is broad, 
and has three fascicles of sete on each side. The branchiz are pale 
greenish white, centered with brighter green, due to the circulating fluid. 
This is the species mentioned in the early part of this report (p. 332) 
under the name of S. spirillum. The true spirillum of Linné 43 a trans- 
lucent tube, and is found in deeper water, on hydroids, &c. 
