{671] INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS OF VINEYARD SOUND, ETC. 377 
shells dredged, (A. E. V.); Long Island Sound. Atlantic City, New 
Jersey (Tyron). Specimens from the east and west coasts of Florida; 
and from near Vera Cruz, Mexico (coll., Mr. Salt), are also in the 
museum of Yale College. 
ZIRPHAA CRISPATA Morch, 1853. (p. 433.) 
H. and A. Adams, Genera, vol. ii, p. 327, Plate 89, figs. 5, 5a, 1853; Tryon, op. 
cit., p. 211, 1862. Pholas crispata Liané, Syst. Nat., ed. xii, p. 1111, 1767 ; 
Gould, Invert., ed. i, p. 27. Zirfea crispata Gray, Figures of Moll. Anim., 
Plate 388, fig. 5, and 339, fig. 5, 1857; Aun. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. ii, vol. 
vill, p, 385, 1851 ; Gould, Invert., ed. ii, p. 29, fig. 365. 
Stonington, Connecticut, to Gulf of Saint Lawrence; Iceland; north- 
ern coasts of Europe, south to France, and the southern coasts of Great 
Britain ; west coast of North America, south to California. Charles- 
ton, South Carolina (Stimpson, t. Gould). New Jersey (t. Gould). 
Wood’s Hole, dead shells dredged, (A. E. V.). Common in Casco Bay, 
in 10 to 20 fathoms, perforating hard clay and sunken but sound wood ; 
also in the Bay of Fundy, in8 to 70 fathoms, in hard clay. Mr. C. B. 
Fuller has obtained fine large specimens in submerged tree-stumps at 
extreme low-water mark on Jewell’s Island, Casco Bay. Fossil in the 
Post-Pliocene of Maine, Scandinavia ; and in the Coralline and Red 
Crags of Great Britain. Its occurrence at Charleston, South Carolina, 
needs confirmation. 
Martesia cunetformis Gray, 1851; Tryon, op. cit., p. 219. Pholas cunei- 
formis Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philad., vol. ii, p. 322, 1822. 
This species was found by Mr. Perkins in oyster-shells, near New 
Haven, but it was probably brought from farther south (Maryland or 
Virginia) in the oysters. It inhabits the coasts of Florida and the 
West Indies. 
Diplothyra Smithti Tryon, op. cit., p. 450, 1862. 
This species was described from specimens found in oyster-shells at 
Staten Island, where they were supposed to have lived. If really indig- 
enous there, it may be expected to occur in Long Island Sound. 
SAXICAVA ARCTICA Deshays. Plate XXVII, fig. 192. (p. 309.) 
Elem. Conch., Plate xii, figs. 8, 9 (t. Gould) ; Forbes and Hanley, Brit. Moll., vol. 
i, p. 141, Plate 6, figs. 4-6; Gould, Invert., ed. ii, p. 89, fig. 397. Mya arctica 
Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. xii, p. 1113, 1767. Mytilus rugosus Linné, Syst. Nat., 
ed. xii, p. 1156. Saxicava rugosa Lamarck, Anim. sans Vert., ed. ii, vol. vi, p. 
152; Gould, Invert., ed. ii, p. 87; Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., vol. iii, p. 81. Mytilus 
pholadis Linné, Mant. Plant., p. 548. Saxicava pholadis Lamarck, op. cit., vol. 
vi, p. 152. (?) Saxicava distorta Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philad., vol. ii, p. 318, 
1822; Gould, ed. i, p. 62. 
Georgia and South Carolina to the Arctic Ocean; northern coasts of 
Europe to the Mediterranean; Pacific Coast of America, south to Santa 
Barbara, California. Various other parts of the world are given as locali- 
ties by different authors. On our coast this shell is very common from 
Massachusetts Bay to Labrador, occurring from low-water mark to 50 
