[741] INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS OF VINEYARD SOUND, ETC. 447 
vol. ii, p. 296, Plate 51, figs. 1*-1t, Plate 58, fig. 9, 1872. Spongia coronata 
Ellis and Solander, Zosphytes, p. 190, Plate 58, figs. 8, 9. Grantia coronata 
Hassall, Ann, and Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. vi, p. 174. 
Rhode Island to Greenland; northern coasts of Europe. Common in 
Casco Bay and Bay of Fundy, low-water to 60 fathoms; Vineyard 
Sound, not uncommon. Point Judith, Rhode Island (Leidy). 
? LEUCOSOLENIA BOTRYOIDES Bowerbank. (p. 500.) 
Brit. Spong., vol. ii, p. 28, 1866. Spoungia botryoides Ellis and Solander, Zoéph., 
p. 190, Plate 58, figs. 1-4,1786. Grantia botryoides Fleming, Brit. Anim., p. 
525; Johnston, op. cit., p. 178, Plate 21, figs. 1-5. Ascaltis botryoides Heckel, 
op. cit., vol. ii, p. 65, Plate 9, fig. 10, Plate 10, figs. 79-7, 
Martha’s Vineyard to Gulf of Saint Lawrence; northern coasts of 
Europe to England and France. . 
I refer some of our larger specimens to this species with considerable 
doubt. They appear to be distinct from the following species, with which 
they have formerly been confounded. 
ASCORTIS FRAGILIS Heckel. 
Op. cit., vol. ii, p. 74, Plate 11, figs. 5-9, Plate 12, figs. 5¢-5i, 1872. Leucosolenia 
thamnoides Heckel, Prodrom., p. 243, spec. 70. Leucosolenia botryoides H. J. 
Clark, Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. i, part 3, p. 323, (sep. copies, p. 19), 
Plate 9, figs. 40-44, Plate 10, fig. 64, 1866 (not of Bowerbank); this Report, 
pp. 334,391. Grantia botryoides Leidy, op. eit., p. 185, 1855. 
Long Island Sound to Gulf of Saint Lawrence. Western coast of 
Norway, at Bergen, ete. (Heckel). Common in Long Island Sound, near 
New Haven, at Thimble Islands, etc.; Watch Hill, Rhode Island; Vine- 
yard Sound; Casco Bay, etc. Massachusetts Bay (H. J. Clark). 
Heckel names the form figured by Clark var. bifida. 
SILICEA. 
MICROCIONA PROLIFERA Verrill. 
Spongia prolifera Ellis and Solander, Zodphytes, p. 189, Plate 58, fig. 5, 1786; 
Lamouroux, Expos. Méthodique, p. 31, Plate 58, fig. 5. Red sponge, this Re- 
port, pp. 330, 409, 476. 
This species, when young, forms broad, thin, bright red incrustations 
over the surfaces of stones and shells. In this stage it agrees well with 
the British species of Microciona described by Bowerbank, all of which 
are said to be incrusting forms. Our species, at a later period, rises up 
into irregular lobes and tubercular prominences, which eventually be- 
come elongated and subdivided into slender branches, until they often 
form a profusely and intricately branched sponge, frequently six inches 
high and as much in diameter. The branches are repeatedly dichoto- 
mous, more or less flattened, and often digitate or palmate at the ends 
They also frequently anastomose irregularly. The branches, when dry, 
are brittle and hispid. They consist of stout, horny fibers, which radiate 
outward and upward from the axis to the periphery, terminating in 
