448 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND I"ISHERIES. [742] 
more or less irregular, slender, blunt papillic, each of which bears a tuft 
of numerous slender, acute, more or less bent spicules, arising froin its 
lateral and terminal surfaces. At the tips of the branches the papiila 
are more slender and divergent, and the texture is more open and loose. 
During life these papilla are connected together by a thin dermal mem- 
brane, through which the spicules project but little. The oscules are 
small and scattered over the surface. Color, when living, dark red to 
orange-red; when dried, generally dark grayish brown or umber-colored, 
fading to dull yellowish brown and gray. Diameter of branches mostly 
2mm to hmm. . 
South Carolina to Cape Cod. Very abundant in Long Island Sound 
and Vineyard Sound, low-water to 10 fathoms, on oysters and other 
shells, stones, etc.; Great Egg Harbor, New Jersey ; Fort Macon, North 
Carolina (coll..Dr. Yarrow). 
IsopIcryA, species undetermined. 
Watch Hill, Rhode Island; Vineyard Sound and Nantucket, washed 
ashore after storms in winter; Casco Bay ; Bay of Fundy. 
The specimens from Watch Hill have few broad, thick, palmate 
branches, with large oscules and an open texture, with multispiculose 
fibers. They resemble Isodictya palmata Bowerbank. 
CHALINA OCULATA Bowerbank. (p. 497.) 
British Spongiad:e, vol. i, p. 208, Plate 15, fig. 262; vol. ii, p. 361. Spongia oculata 
Linné, Syst. Nut., ed. x, sp. 2; ed. xii, p. 1299; Pallas, Klench, Zooph., p. 390, 
1766. Halichondria oculata Johnston, op. cit., p. 94, Plate 3. 
Rhode Island to Labrador; northern coast of Europe to Great Brit- 
ain. Off Watch Hill, Rhode Island, 4 to 5 fathoms; off Gay Head, 4 to 
15 fathoms; very common in Massachusetts Bay, Casco Bay, and Bay 
of Fundy ; low-water to 80 fathoms. 
CHALINA ARBUSCULA Verrill, sp. nov. (p. 409.) 
Sponge profusely branched, trom close to the thick base; branches 
repeatedly dichotomous, slender, round or somewhat compressed, seldom 
broad or palinate. Oscules smnall, round, irregularly scattered. Texture 
of the surface finely reticulated when dry, with very delicate fibers, 
which usually have but a single row of very slender fusiform spicules, 
covered by a thin layer of horny matter; the reticulations do not usu- 
ally exceed the length of a single spicule. Primary longitudinal fibers 
of the larger branches strong, horny, with several lines of spicules; 
secondary fibers at right angles to the primary ones, much smaller, 
with fewer spicules. The spicules are slender, fusiform (‘ acerate”), 
much smaller and more slender than in the preceding species. Color, 
when living, dull gray; when dried, brownish, yellowish, or white. ‘The 
largest specimens are about one foot high ; more commonly 6 to 8 inches 
(140™" to 200") ; breadth often nearly as much; diameter of branches, 
