{747] INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS OF VINEYARD SOUND, ETC. 453 
and closer together, often more or less confused with those next behind 
them. Color, yellowish brown, darker centrally; or pale yellowish, 
thickly specked with yellowish brown. Length, about 7™™ to 9, 
breadth, 5™ to 6™™, , 
Thimble Islands, 1 to 2 fathoms, among alge. 
Bryozoa. 
GEMELLARIA LORIGATA Busk. 
Catal. Mar. Polyzva, Brit. Mus., part i, p.34; Smitt, op, cit., p. 286, Plate 17, fig. 
54. Sertularia ioricata Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. x, p. 285 (t.Smitt). Gemellaria 
loriculata Johnston, Brit. Zodph., ed. ii, pp. 293, 477, Plate 47, figs. 12, 13. 
Nantucket to the Arctic Ocean; northern coasts of Europe to Great 
Britain. Very common in Casco Bay and Bay of Fundy, low-water to 
110 fathoms. 
The specimens from Nantucket differ somewhat from the ordinary 
form. They consist of rather dense tufts of stout stems, two or three 
inches high, and rather sparingly branched. The cells are larger than 
usual, elongated obovate, five or six times as long as broad; those of 
the same pair are not exactly opposite. Aperture deeply crescent- 
shaped, facing a little oatward. Many of the cells, toward the base of 
the stems, give rise to one or more curious processes from near the base 
of the cell; these are, at first, slender tubes, rising from a thin roundish 
spot on the cell, but soon they divide at the tip into two, three, or 
four forks, which are at first regularly recurved; later these become 
much elongated, and are converted into slender rootlets or stolons. 
