276 YETEEINAEY HYGIENE 



planning farm buildings, or where the site is not restricted, 

 the stables should be so arranged as to get the largest 

 amount of sun. 



In tropical and subtropical regions, on the other hand, 

 they should be arranged so as to get the least amount, with 

 the object of keeping them cool. This being so they should 

 face north and south, so that at the hottest time of the day 

 the sun is end on to the stables and not side on. 



Construction. 



Foundations. — It is usual to make these of concrete, the 

 base thus prepared being four times the breadth of the 



wall. On this concrete bed rests 

 the ' footings ' of the wall, and as 

 the latter rises above the ground 

 level, a precaution against damp 

 is taken by the introduction of a 

 damp-proof course. 



This may consist of a layer of 

 asphalt poured over the wall, or 

 sheet lead, or slate laid in cement, 

 Fig. 82.--A Damp-proof Course, but perhaps the best is the vitrified 



slo—f iiS ;,U"s|ioe ^t^"^^*^^^ *ile embedded in cement, 

 between two skms of brick and the latter is especially neces- 

 sary where the stable floor will 

 be below the level of the outside ground. As a double 

 security against damp it is usual with walls of this descrip- 

 tion to build them hollow, and have a second damp-proof 

 course above the ground as in Fig. 82. The soil should 

 also if possible be kept away from the brick work. 



The vitrified stoneware tiles are usually perforated 

 (Fig. 83), but for stable purposes this is unnecessary, 

 though for buildings where wooden floors are used they are 

 of the greatest service in ventilating beneath the floor, and 

 saving the wood from destruction. 



Bricks. — The bricks employed for walls are of three 

 kinds, viz., those from pure clays, viz., alumina and silica, 



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